HASHIMOTO'S THYROIDITIS: MODERN SCIENTIFIC PERSPECTIVES, IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS, CLINICAL DYNAMICS, DIAGNOSTIC STRATEGIES, AND INTEGRATED THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is the most common autoimmune inflammatory disease of the thyroid gland and represents the leading etiological cause of hypothyroidism worldwide. This scientific article provides a comprehensive analysis of the global epidemiology, etiological factors, immunopathogenesis, clinical stages, modern diagnostic algorithms, as well as evidence-based treatment and monitoring strategies of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. The role of genetic predisposition, disturbances of cellular and humoral immune mechanisms, environmental factors, and hormonal regulation in disease development is highlighted. The clinical value of laboratory biomarkers (TSH, free T4, anti-TPO, anti-TG) and thyroid ultrasonography in the diagnostic process is evaluated. The central role of levothyroxine replacement therapy, along with the scientifically supported adjunctive use of micronutrients, lifestyle modification, and traditional medicine, is discussed. The findings emphasize that a comprehensive and individualized approach is crucial for effective disease control and improvement of patients’ quality of life in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.