MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN PRECANCEROUS DISEASES OF THE LARYNGEAL MUCOSA

Precancerous diseases of the laryngeal mucosa (PDLM) constitute a group of pathological conditions characterized by dysplastic and hyperplastic alterations of epithelial cells and associated with a risk of malignant transformation. This article discusses the main morphological changes observed in laryngeal precancerous lesions, their pathogenetic mechanisms, cytogenetic and molecular bases, as well as their clinical and prognostic significance. The degree of dysplasia, types of hyperplasia, keratinization disorders, and chromosomal abnormalities are analyzed as important predictors of cancer transformation.