Fitness surfaces and local thermal adaptation in Drosophila along a latitudinal gradient

Local adaptation is commonly cited to explain species distribution, but how fitness varies along continuous geographical gradients is not well understood. Here we combine thermal biology and life-history theory to demonstrate that Drosophila populations along a 2,500 km latitudinal cline are adapted to local conditions. We measured how heat tolerance and viability rate across 8 populations vary with temperature in the laboratory, and then simulated their expected cumulative Darwinian fitness employing high-resolution temperature data from their 8 collection sites. Simulations indicate a trade-off between annual survival and cumulative viability, as both mortality and the recruitment of new flies are predicted to increase in warmer regions. Importantly, populations are locally adapted and exhibit the optimal combination of both traits to maximize fitness where they live. In conclusion, our method is able to reconstruct fitness surfaces employing empirical life-history estimates and recon..., , , # Fitness surfaces and local thermal adaptation in Drosophila along a latitudinal gradient

Alruiz JM, Peralta-Maraver I, Cavieres G, Bozinovic F, Rezende EL.
*Ecology Letters*

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.83bk3j9zk](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.83bk3j9zk)

## Description of the data and file structure

The attached files contain the data and R code to replicate the analyses and figures presented in the paper, including those from the Supplementary Material. It should be noted that the code routine to obtain the thermal tolerance estimates requires around 4 hours to complete.

For this reason, processed thermal tolerance and viability data are provided in \"tolerance.RData\" and \"viability.RData\".

Note that missing values in all data files have been filled as \"NA\"

**CODE (7 files in total)**

**1\. code\_manuscript\.R:** R script to replicate analyses and figures in the paper and Supplementary Material, including Table 1 and Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4.

**2\. Functions\_performance\_cur...