A dataset of Fujian soil taxa species based on the Second National Soil Survey

The Fujian Soil Series Dataset was compiled and processed based on The Soil Series of Fujian Province published in 1989 by the Fujian Provincial Office of the Second National Soil Survey, representing a key achievement of China’s Second National Soil Survey. This dataset was developed through digitizing scanned paper records, structured data entry using standardized templates, and cross-verification procedures. It systematically organizes information on the distribution, morphological characteristics, physicochemical properties, and productivity performance of the 171 soil series identified during the survey. The dataset has been standardized, structured, and digitized into six relational tables, which respectively describe: (1) soil series classification, (2) basic soil series characteristics, (3) typical soil profile landscapes, (4) genetic horizons of typical profiles, and (5) physicochemical properties of typical soil profiles. The temporal coverage of the dataset spans 1980–1989, and the spatial extent ranges from 23°33′ to 28°20′ N latitude and 115°50′ to 120°40′ E longitude. The dataset contains 2127 records and is provided in .xlsx format. Quality control measures include standardized unit conversion, harmonization of soil classification, logical consistency checks, and annotation of suspected errors to ensure high accuracy and completeness. This dataset provides an important baseline for soil science research in Fujian Province, land quality assessment, agricultural planning, and dynamic comparisons with the Third National Soil Survey, and serves as a valuable reference for the rational utilization and sustainable management of soil resources.