Data from: Prediction error induced motor contagions in human behaviors

Motor contagions refer to implicit effects on one's actions induced
by observed actions. Motor contagions are believed to be induced simply by
action observation and cause an observer's action to become similar
to the action observed. In contrast, here we report a new motor contagion
that is induced only when the observation is accompanied by prediction
errors - differences between actions one observes and those he/she
predicts or expects. In two experiments, one on whole-body baseball
pitching and another on simple arm reaching, we show that the observation
of the same action induces distinct motor contagions, depending on whether
prediction errors are present or not. In the absence of prediction errors,
as in previous reports, participants' actions changed to become
similar to the observed action, while in the presence of prediction
errors, their actions changed to diverge away from it, suggesting distinct
effects of action observation and action prediction on human actions.