TABLE 3 in Wood Anatomical and Hydraulic Traits of Tamarix Species Across a Large Eurasian Gradient Show a Stronger Climatic Than Phylogenetic Signal

TABLE 3 | Wood anatomical and hydraulic traits of Tamarix species along a geographical gradient from NW China to SW Spain (cf. Table 2). Tamarix speciesTrait (statistical test)T. ramosissimaT. hispidaT. aphyllaT. negevensisT. niloticaT. boveanaT. gallica(Partial) η 2Statistical powerPercentage conduit area (KW)15.0 ± 1.2 a12.0 ± 0.6 ab10.5± 2.0 abc14.9 ± 2.3 a15.0 ± 1.8 a7.9 ± 0.4 c9.2± 0.4 bc0.4630.953Conduit density (KW)72.4 ± 7.3 abc57.9± 4.2 bcd42.1± 0.3 cd55.7 ± 5.4 bcd37.3 ± 4.9 d175.6± 69.5 ab324.8 ± 60.6 a0.690>0.999Mean conduit area (µm2) (GLM)2093± 63 b2306± 236 b2666± 370 ab2933± 366 ab4045± 115 a694± 173 c405± 43 c0.866>0.999Maximum conduit area (µm2) (KW)8938 ± 344 a7806± 644 a5572 ± 623 ab8725± 683 a8929 ± 127 a4341 ± 551 b3950 ± 622 b0.5460.996Mean conduit diameter (µm) (GLM)45.6 ± 0.8 bc50.3 ± 2.9 b58.8 ± 4.5 ab59.3± 4.0 ab70.9 ± 1.4 a23.7± 4.2 c17.6 ± 1.2 c0.912>0.999Maximum conduit diameter (µm) (GLM)107.7± 2.1 a101.1± 3.9 ab86.6± 5.2 bc108.7± 4.9 a110.0 ± 1.3 a74.1 ± 4.7 c70.4 ± 5.5 c0.780>0.999k (kg MPa−1 m−1 s−1) (GLM) ttot H2O368 ± 26 a332± 36 ab229 ± 78 abc454 ± 105 a564 ± 82 a100 ± 8 bc89 ± 10 c0.710>0.999k (kg MPa−1 m−1 s−1) (GLM) tcond H2O2457 ± 55 b2588 ± 169 ab2154 ± 324 bc2850 ± 302 ab3427 ± 78 a1180 ± 64 cd966± 112 d0.853>0.999d h (µm) (GLM)76.7± 0.9 a75.2 ± 2.5 a66.1 ± 4.8 ab77.7± 4.0 a83.7± 1.3 a52.4 ± 2.6 b49.5 ± 3.1 b0.845> 0.999Wood density (g cm−3) (GLM)0.80 ± 0.03 a0.62± 0.02 b0.91 ± 0.03 a0.87± 0.03 a0.81± 0.01 a0.98a0.91± 0.04 a0.877> 0.999P 50 (MPa) (KW)−9.74± 2.57 c−2.37± 0.18 a−2.64 ± 0.02 ab−3.05 ± 0.34 ab−3.39± 0.82 ab−7.17 ± 1.23 c−5.45 ± 0.21 bc0.7200.967 Note: k ttot, hydraulic conductivity related to unit cross section of the shoot; k tcond, hydraulic conductivity related to the sum of conduit areas in that cross section; d h, hydraulic diameter of the conduits; P 50, xylem water potential causing 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity by embolism. Species with the same lower-case letter do not differ significantly in a given trait (GLM univariate ANOVAs with post hoc Sidak test, if no deviation from homogeneity of variances [Levene test] or from homoscedasticity; and Kruskal–Wallis [KW] tests in cases of significant deviations from homogeneity of variances or from homoscedasticity); p <0.05. Means ±1 SE.(Partial) η 2, effect sizes of (ANOVA or) KW tests. aOnly one value for this species.