银杏等重要经济生态树种快繁技术研究及推广

2003年以来，项目组运用森林培育学、经济林学的理论，利用组织培养和扦插等无性繁殖技术平台，对黄叶银杏和普通银杏、乌桕等9个树种的良种无性繁殖技术进行了全面、系统地研究。1.主要开展：（1）黄叶银杏、乌桕（胚乳）、巨紫荆、蓝果树、枫杨5个树种高效组培快繁技术体系的建立 （2）银杏、白腊、喜树、何首乌良种组培快繁技术体系的优化 （3）黄叶银杏、银杏雄株、何首乌、黄连木、白蜡、枫杨5种植物扦插繁殖技术体系的建立与优化 （4）良种无性系苗木规模化生产及推广。项目取得鉴定成果1项、验收成果3项，出版著作、论文集5部，植物新品种保护权6个，省级林木良种认定1项，发表论文25篇，成果整体达到国内领先水平，部分成果达到国际先进水平。其中黄叶银杏、乌桕（胚乳）、巨紫荆、蓝果树、枫杨的组培快繁技术体系，黄叶银杏、银杏雄株的扦插繁殖技术体系为原始创新 银杏、白腊、喜树、何首乌、黄连木的良种无性快繁技术体系及良种无性系苗木快繁技术推广属集成性创新。2.项目取得了如下技术成果：（1）建立了黄叶银杏、乌桕、巨紫荆、蓝果树和枫杨等树种的再生体系，使黄叶银杏、乌桕、巨紫荆离体胚培养成苗率分别达83.3%、100%、72.2%。黄叶银杏茎段腋芽诱导率最高达66.7%，试管苗生根率达46.67%。乌桕胚乳不定芽增殖系数达6.0 巨紫荆、蓝果树、枫杨茎段丛芽月增殖系数分别达5.0、5.23、6.89，生根率分别达83.3%、80%~100%、92.59%，移栽成活率分别达75%、95% 、95%。（2）优化集成了银杏、乌桕、白腊、喜树和何首乌等树种的苗木高效再生技术体系。该体系使银杏实生苗嫩梢离体培养成活率达90%，月增殖系数为3.0，移栽成活率达70.2%。乌桕胚轴和叶片每个外植体不定芽数最高达6个和18个，不定根诱导率达100%，移栽成活率达89.2% 白蜡不定芽每代增殖5. 61~ 5. 88倍，生根率为100%，移栽成活率达100%。喜树茎段不定芽增殖系数为7.0～15.0，叶片再生频率达100%，试管苗生根率98%，移栽成活率85% 何首乌芽苗生根率最高达96.3%，移栽成活率98%。

Since 2003, the project team has conducted comprehensive and systematic research on asexual propagation techniques of improved varieties of 9 tree species including golden-leaf ginkgo, common ginkgo, and Chinese tallow tree, applying theories of silviculture and economic forestry and relying on asexual propagation technology platforms such as tissue culture and cutting.

1. The main research work includes:
(1) Establishment of high-efficiency tissue culture and rapid propagation technical systems for 5 tree species: golden-leaf ginkgo, Chinese tallow tree (endosperm), Chinese redbud, bluefruit tree, and Chinese wingnut
(2) Optimization of tissue culture and rapid propagation technical systems for improved varieties of ginkgo, Chinese ash, Camptotheca, and Polygonum multiflorum
(3) Establishment and optimization of cutting propagation technical systems for 5 plant species: golden-leaf ginkgo, male ginkgo trees, Polygonum multiflorum, Chinese pistache, Chinese ash, and Chinese wingnut
(4) Large-scale production and promotion of improved variety clonal seedlings.

The project has obtained 1 appraised achievement, 3 accepted achievements, published 5 monographs and symposium proceedings, secured 6 plant variety protection certificates, obtained 1 provincial-level certified forest improved variety, and published 25 research papers. The overall project achievements have reached the domestic leading level, with some portions reaching the international advanced level. Among these, the tissue culture and rapid propagation technical systems for golden-leaf ginkgo, Chinese tallow tree (endosperm), Chinese redbud, bluefruit tree, and Chinese wingnut, as well as the cutting propagation technical systems for golden-leaf ginkgo and male ginkgo trees represent original innovations. The improved variety asexual rapid propagation technical systems for ginkgo, Chinese ash, Camptotheca, Polygonum multiflorum, and Chinese pistache, as well as the promotion of rapid propagation technologies for improved variety clonal seedlings, belong to integrated innovations.

2. The project has obtained the following technical achievements:
(1) Established regeneration systems for tree species including golden-leaf ginkgo, Chinese tallow tree, Chinese redbud, bluefruit tree, and Chinese wingnut. The in vitro embryo culture seedling formation rates of golden-leaf ginkgo, Chinese tallow tree, and Chinese redbud reached 83.3%, 100%, and 72.2% respectively. The highest axillary bud induction rate of golden-leaf ginkgo stem segments reached 66.7%, and the rooting rate of test-tube plantlets reached 46.67%. The adventitious bud multiplication coefficient of Chinese tallow tree endosperm reached 6.0. The monthly multiplication coefficients of cluster buds from stem segments of Chinese redbud, bluefruit tree, and Chinese wingnut reached 5.0, 5.23, and 6.89 respectively, with rooting rates of 83.3%, 80%–100%, and 92.59% respectively, and transplanting survival rates of 75%, 95%, and 95% respectively.
(2) Optimized and integrated efficient seedling regeneration technical systems for tree species including ginkgo, Chinese tallow tree, Chinese ash, Camptotheca, and Polygonum multiflorum. This system enabled the in vitro culture survival rate of tender shoots of ginkgo seedlings to reach 90%, with a monthly multiplication coefficient of 3.0 and a transplanting survival rate of 70.2%. For Chinese tallow tree hypocotyls and leaves, the number of adventitious buds per explant reached up to 6 and 18 respectively, with an adventitious root induction rate of 100% and a transplanting survival rate of 89.2%. The adventitious bud multiplication per generation of Chinese ash reached 5.61–5.88 times, with a rooting rate of 100% and a transplanting survival rate of 100%. The adventitious bud multiplication coefficient of Camptotheca stem segments ranged from 7.0 to 15.0, with a leaf regeneration frequency of 100%, a test-tube plantlet rooting rate of 98%, and a transplanting survival rate of 85%. The highest rooting rate of Polygonum multiflorum bud seedlings reached 96.3%, with a transplanting survival rate of 98%.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集聚焦于银杏、乌桕等重要经济生态树种的良种无性快繁技术。研究内容主要包括利用组织培养和扦插技术，建立并优化多个树种的组培快繁与扦插繁殖技术体系，并实现了良种无性系苗木的规模化生产与推广。项目取得了包括鉴定成果、植物新品种权、论文发表在内的多项技术成果，整体达到国内领先水平。