Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2010 - Nepal

Abstract
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The Nepal Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (NMICS) 2010 is a subnational survey of 7,372 women aged 15–49 years and 3,574 children under five from 6,000 households in the Mid- and Far Western Regions (MFWR) of Nepal. NMICS 2010 was implemented as part of the fourth round of the global MICS household survey programme with technical and financial support from UNICEF Nepal in collaboration with the Government of Nepal. The main purpose of NMICS 2010 is to support the government to generate statistically sound and comparable data for monitoring the situation of children and women in the MFWR of the country. NMICS 2010 covers topics related to nutrition, child health, water and sanitation, reproductive health, child development, literacy and education, child protection, HIV and AIDS, mass media and the use of information and communication technology, attitude towards domestic violence, the use of tobacco and alcohol, and life satisfaction. In addition, NMICS 2010 is the first survey in Nepal to provide baseline information on the prevalence of chaupadi (women who live in a separate house or animal shed during menstruation) in the MFWR and evidence on women’s life satisfaction.

Geographic coverage
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Mid- and Far- Western regions, both urban and rual areas. (Mid-Western Mountains, Mid-Western Hills, Mid-Western Terai, Far Western Mountains, Far Western Hills,and Far Western Terai)

Analysis unit
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- individuals
- households

Universe
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The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), all women aged between 15-49 years, and all children under 5 living in the household.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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The primary objective of the sample design for NMICS 2010 was to produce statistically reliable estimates of most indicators at each of the six subregions: Mid-Western Mountains, Mid-Western Hills, Mid-Western Terai, Far Western Mountains, Far Western Hills and Far Western Terai. It also provides estimates in aggregate at urban and rural areas of the combined Mid- and Far Western Regions of Nepal. In subregions where urban areas exist, (i.e., four of six subregions), urban and rural areas were defined as the sampling strata.

A two-stage, cluster sampling design was used for the selection of the survey sample.

The target sample size for NMICS 2010 was calculated as 6,000 households. For the calculation of the sample size, the key indicator used was the comprehensive knowledge about the HIV transmission among women aged 15-49 years.

The resulting number of households from this exercise was 1,000 households, which is the sample size needed in each subregion-thus yielding about 6,000 in total. The average number of households selected per cluster for NMICS 2010 was determined as 25 households, based on a number of considerations, including the design effect, intra-class correlation coefficient, the budget available, and the time that would be needed per team to complete one cluster. Dividing the total number of households by the number of sample households per cluster, it was calculated that 40 sample clusters would need to be selected in each subregion.

Equal allocation of the total sample size to the six subregions was used. Therefore, 40 clusters were allocated to each subregion, with the final sample size calculated at 6,000 households (40 clusters * 6 subregions * 25 sample households per cluster). In each subregion, the clusters (primary sampling units) were distributed to urban and rural domains, proportional to the size of urban and rural households in that subregion.

The sampling procedures are more fully described in "Nepal Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2010 - Final Report" pp.196-200.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The 2010 Nepal MICS used the standard MICS4 questionnaires and included several country-specif ic questions and modules. Three sets of questionnaires were used in the survey.

Household questionnaires were administered to a knowledgeable adult living in the household. The household questionnaire includes household listing form, education, water and sanitation, household characteristics, child labour, de-worming (Nepal-specific module), child discipline, handwashing and salt iodisation.

In addition to a household questionnaire, questionnaires were administered in each household for women age 15-49 and children under age five. The questionnaire for children under 5 years of age was administered to mothers or caregivers of all children under 5 years of age living in the households.

The women's questionnaire includes woman's background, access to mass media and use of information communication technology, desire for last birth, maternal and newborn health, illness symptoms, contraception, unmet need, attitudes toward domestic violence (Nepal-specific module), marriage/union, HIV/AIDS Tobacco and alcohol use and life satisfaction.

The children's questionnaire includes child's age, birth registration, early childhood development, breastfeeding, care of illness, malaria, immunization and child grant (Nepal-specific module).

Cleaning operations
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Data were entered using the CSPro software on four microcomputers by four data-entry operators and two data-entry supervisors. In order to ensure a high level of quality control, all questionnaires were double-entered and internal consistency checks were performed. Procedures and standard programmes developed under the global MICS4 programme and adapted to the Nepal questionnaires were used throughout. Data entry started in November 2010 and was completed in March 2011. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software programme, Version 18. The model syntax and tabulation plans developed by UNICEF were used for this purpose.

Response rate
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Of the 6,000 households selected for the sample, 5,917 were found to be occupied. Of these, 5,899 were successfully interviewed, giving a household response rate of 99.7 percent. In interviewed households, 7,674 women (aged 15–49 years) were identified. Of these, 7,372 were successfully interviewed, yielding a response rate of 96.1 percent within interviewed households. In addition, 3,688 children under five were listed in the household questionnaire. Questionnaires were completed for 3,574 of these children, giving a response rate of 96.9 percent within interviewed households. Overall response rates of 95.8 percent and 96.6 percent are calculated for women’s and under-fives’ interviews, respectively. Response rates for households, women and children under five were similar (above 95 percent) between urban/rural areas and across all subregions.

Sampling error estimates
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Sampling errors are a measure of the variability between the estimates from all possible samples. The extent of variability is not known exactly, but can be estimated statistically from the survey data.

The following sampling error measures are presented in this appendix for each of the selected indicators:
• Standard error (se): Sampling errors are usually measured in terms of standard errors for particular indicators (means, proportions etc). Standard error is the square root of the variance of the estimate. The Taylor linearization method is used for the estimation of standard errors.
• Coefficient of variation (se/r) is the ratio of the standard error to the value of the indicator, and is a measure of the relative sampling error.
• Design effect (deff) is the ratio of the actual variance of an indicator, under the sampling method used in the survey, to the variance calculated under the assumption of simple random sampling. The square root of the design effect (deft) is used to show the efficiency of the sample design in relation to the precision. A deft value of 1.0 indicates that the sample design is as efficient as a simple random sample, while a deft value above 1.0 indicates the increase in the standard error due to the use of a more complex sample design.
• Confidence limits are calculated to show the interval within which the true value for the population can be reasonably assumed to fall, with a specified level of confidence. For any given statistic calculated from the survey, the value of that statistic will fall within a range of plus or minus two times the standard error (r + 2.se or r – 2.se) of the statistic in 95 percent of all possible samples of identical size and design.

For the calculation of sampling errors from NMICS data, SPSS Version 18 Complex Samples module has been used. The results are shown in the tables that follow. In addition to the sampling error measures described above, the tables also include weighted and unweighted counts of denominators for each indicator.

Sampling errors are calculated for indicators of primary interest, for the sub national level, for the subregions, and for urban and rural areas. One of the selected indicators is based on households, five are based on household members, 15 are based on women, and 15 are based on children under five. All indicators presented here are in the form of proportions.

Data appraisal
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A series of data quality tables are available to review the quality of the data and include the following:

- Age distribution of the household population
- Age distribution of eligible and interviewed women
- Age distribution of under-5s in household and under-5 questionnaires
- Women's completion rates by socio-economic characteristics of households
- Completion rates for under-5 questionnaires by socio-economic characteristics of households
- Completeness of reporting
- Observation of places for hand washing
- Observation of women's health cards
- Observation of under-5s birth certificates
- Observation of vaccination cards
- Presence of mother in the household and the person interviewed for the under-5 questionnaire
- Selection of children age 2-14 years for the child discipline module
- School attendance by single age

The results of each of these data quality tables are shown in appendix D in document "Nepal Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2010 - Final Report" pp.224-233.

摘要
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2010 年尼泊尔多指标集群调查（NMICS）是一项针对尼泊尔中部和远西部地区的 7,372 名 15-49 岁女性和 3,574 名五岁以下儿童的次国家调查。NMICS 2010 作为全球 MICS 家庭调查计划的第四轮实施，在联合国儿童基金会尼泊尔的技术和财政支持下，与尼泊尔政府合作进行。NMICS 2010 的主要目的是协助政府生成可靠且可比的统计数据，以监测国家中部和远西部地区的儿童和妇女状况。NMICS 2010 涵盖了与营养、儿童健康、水与卫生、生殖健康、儿童发展、读写能力和教育、儿童保护、艾滋病和艾滋病病毒、大众媒体及信息和通信技术使用、对家庭暴力的态度、烟草和酒精使用以及生活满意度相关的话题。此外，NMICS 2010 是尼泊尔首次在中部、远西部地区提供关于 chaupadi（月经期间居住在独立房屋或畜棚的女性）的流行率和妇女生活满意度的证据。
地理覆盖范围
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中部和远西部地区，包括城市和农村地区。（中西部山区、中西部丘陵、中西部平原、远西部山区、远西部丘陵和远西部平原）
分析单元
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- 个人
- 家庭