Social, Ethical, and Behavioral Factors in the Return to School Among Underserved Communities in Maryland

Background: The purpose of this study was to characterize the social, ethical, and behavioral factors influencing parents’ willingness to return their children to in-person school or to allow them to remain in school during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study also sought to assess parental support for and compliance with infection control and prevention strategies implemented in underserved school systems across Maryland.

Materials/Methods: This longitudinal cohort study employed surveys to collect data from parents of K-8 students across underserved Maryland school systems. Participants completed surveys assessing perceptions of COVID-19 risk, attitudes toward infection control measures, and willingness to support school reopening efforts. The survey also captured demographic data, family health history, and behavioral factors influencing compliance with school-based mitigation strategies.

Outcome/Impact: Findings from this study provided valuable insights into how social and behavioral factors shaped parental decision-making around in-person learning during a pandemic. The results informed the development of communication and policy strategies that strengthened infection control practices, improved trust in school health measures, and supported safer reopening of schools in underserved communities.