Additional file 7: Figure S3. of Karyotype differentiation in 19 species of river loach fishes (Nemacheilidae, Teleostei): extensive variability associated with rDNA and heterochromatin distribution and its phylogenetic and ecological interpretation

Karyotypes arranged from Giemsa-stained chromosomes and dual-colour FISH showing 5S and 45S rDNA sites. Giemsa-stained karyotypes (left column) and dual-colour FISH (right column) with 45S rDNA (red, arrows) and 5S rDNA (green, arrowheads) probes on (A,B) L. costata, (C,D) M. guentheri, (E,F) N. binotatus, (G,H) P. pictilis, (I,J) P. brevis, (K.L) P. lucidorsum, (M,N) S. bolavenensis, (O,P) S. corica, (Q,R) S. hypsiura, (S,T) S. pridii, (U,V) S. lendlii, (W) S. savona. The FISH chromosomes were counterstained with DAPI and the images were converted to grayscale. Inset (D) – chromosome pair 18 from M. guentheri female showing absence of heterochromatic p-arm in contrast to a single homologue in the male karyotype. Inset (V) depicts the absence of a 45S rDNA site on one homologue in female (pair 3). In P. brevis (J), note the syntenical association of both rDNAs on pair 13. Note also the intense size polymorphism in S. bolavenensis (pair 1) (N) and S. corica (pair 7) (P). Additional polymorphic rDNA sites from the other specimen are boxed for S. corica (pairs 7 and 17) (P) and S. hypsiura (pair 18) (R). Bar = 10 μm. (ZIP 2482 kb)