Fore wings of honey bees (Apis mellifera) from northwestern Europe

The dataset consists of 29,043 images of the fore wing of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) worker and represents 1,342 samples from ten countries in northwestern Europe. The country names are abbreviated according to ISO 3166-1 as follows: Belarus (BY), France (FR), Germany (DE), Ireland (IE), Lithuania (LT), the Netherlands (NL), Norway (NO), Poland (PL), Spain (ES), and the United Kingdom (GB). For each country, three files begin with the two-letter country code shown in parentheses above: 'XX.zip', 'XX-raw-coordinates.csv', and 'XX-data.csv', containing wing images, raw landmark coordinates, and geographic coordinates, respectively. In the case of Poland and Spain, sample numbers following the country code differentiate the files from those in other datasets. Each wing in the dataset was saved as a separate PNG file. Multiple PNG files were compressed into a ZIP file 'XX.zip'. The wing image file name begins with the two-letter country code, followed by a hyphen (identical to the minus sign), a four-digit sample code, another hyphen, and finally the original file name. The original file names vary because they originate from different studies. They usually consist of strings of characters separated by hyphens or underscores. In some cases, the name ends with the letter L or R, indicating left or right wing. The samples were numbered independently in each country, so the unique sample name must include the two-letter country code. The wing shape is described using 19 landmarks, consistent with the configuration described by Nawrocka et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-017-0538-y. These landmarks were saved within each wing image file and can be viewed and edited using the IdentiFly software application. The raw coordinates of the landmarks were saved in CSV files for each country separately. Each line of the CSV files corresponds to one wing, and the data fields within each line are separated by commas. A CSV file containing raw landmark coordinates 'XX-raw-coordinates.csv' consists of 39 columns. The first column (labelled 'file') contains the name of the wing image file, and the remaining 38 columns (labelled 'x1', 'x2', 'y1', 'y2', ..., 'x19', 'y19') contain the X and Y coordinates of the 19 landmarks. The raw landmark coordinates are positive integers, with units of pixels. They represent the position of a landmark in the Cartesian coordinate system, with the origin at the lower left corner of the image. A CSV file containing data 'XX-data.csv' consists of seven columns. The first column (labelled 'file') contains text indicating the name of the wing image file. The second column (labelled 'sample') contains text indicating the colony. Columns three and four (labelled 'latitude' and 'longitude') contain the geographic coordinates of the location from which the sample was obtained. These coordinates are in the format of decimal degrees. Latitude can range from -90.0 to 90.0 degrees, and longitude can range from -180.0 to 180.0 degrees. The fifth column (labelled 'date') contains the year in which the sample was collected. It is in the form of a four-digit integer. The sixth column (labelled 'resolution') contains information about the scale of the image. This indicates how many pixels in the image correspond to one meter in reality. The seventh column (labelled 'notes') can contain various textual information. The first five columns always contain information, but the last two columns can be empty.