HolVol: Reconstructed volcanic stratospheric sulfur injections and aerosol optical depth for the Holocene (9500 BCE to 1900 CE)

Based on a set of continuous sulfate records from a suite of ice cores from Greenland and Antarctica, the HolVol v.1.0 database includes estimates of the magnitudes and approximate source latitudes of major volcanic stratospheric sulfur injection (VSSI) events for the Holocene (from 9500 BCE or 11500 year BP to 1900 CE), constituting an extension of the previous record by 7000 years. The database incorporates new-generation ice-core aerosol records with sub-annual temporal resolution and demonstrated sub-decadal dating accuracy and precision. By tightly aligning and stacking the ice-core records on the WD2014 chronology from Antarctica we resolve long-standing previous inconsistencies in the dating of ancient volcanic eruptions that arise from biased (i.e. dated too old) ice-core chronologies over the Holocene for Greenland. A long-term latitudinally and monthly resolved stratospheric aerosol optical depth (SAOD) time series is reconstructed from the HolVol VSSI estimates, representing the first such reconstruction Holocene-scale reconstruction constrained by Greenland and Antarctica ice cores. These new long-term reconstructions of past VSSI and SAOD variability confirm evidence from regional volcanic eruption chronologies (e.g., from Iceland) in showing that the early Holocene (9500-7000 BCE) experienced a higher number of volcanic eruptions (+16%) and cumulative VSSI (+86%) compared to the past 2,500 years. This increase is coinciding with then rapidly retreating ice sheets during deglaciation, providing context for potential future increases of volcanic activity in regions under projected glacier melting in the 21st century.

基于一套取自格陵兰岛与南极洲的冰芯（ice cores）的连续硫酸盐记录，HolVol v.1.0数据库包含了全新世（Holocene，公元前9500年即距今11500年至公元1900年）内主要火山平流层硫注入（Volcanic Stratospheric Sulfur Injection, VSSI）事件的强度估算值与近似源纬度，将此前的记录延长了7000年。该数据库纳入了具备亚年时间分辨率（sub-annual temporal resolution）且经证实具有亚十年定年精度与准确度的新一代冰芯气溶胶记录。通过将冰芯记录与南极洲的WD2014年表进行精准对齐与堆叠，我们解决了长期存在的古老火山喷发定年不一致问题——该问题源于全新世时期格陵兰岛冰芯年表存在定年偏老的偏差。基于HolVol的VSSI估算值，我们重建了一条具备长期纬度与月度分辨率的平流层气溶胶光学厚度（Stratospheric Aerosol Optical Depth, SAOD）时间序列，这是首个依托格陵兰与南极洲冰芯约束的全新世尺度此类重建结果。这些全新的长期过去VSSI与SAOD变率重建结果，印证了区域火山喷发年表（例如冰岛地区的记录）中的证据：相较于过去2500年，早全新世（公元前9500年至公元前7000年）的火山喷发次数增加了16%，累积VSSI提升了86%。这一增长与冰消期（deglaciation）内冰盖快速消退的时期相吻合，为21世纪预计冰川融化区域未来可能出现的火山活动增强提供了背景参考。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

HolVol数据集是一个基于格陵兰和南极冰芯记录的全新世（9500 BCE至1900 CE）火山平流层硫注入（VSSI）和平流层气溶胶光学深度（SAOD）重建数据库。它扩展了先前记录7000年，首次提供由冰芯约束的全新世尺度SAOD时间序列，并揭示早期全新世火山活动更频繁，与冰盖退缩相关，为未来气候变化下的火山活动提供参考。