Enterprise Survey 2009 - Estonia

Abstract
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The objective of the survey is to obtain feedback from enterprises in client countries on the state of the private sector as well as to help in building a panel of enterprise data that will make it possible to track changes in the business environment over time, thus allowing, for example, impact assessments of reforms. Through interviews with firms in the manufacturing and services sectors, the survey assesses the constraints to private sector growth and creates statistically significant business environment indicators that are comparable across countries.

The standard Enterprise Survey topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, capacity utilization, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, and performance measures. Over 90% of the questions objectively ascertain characteristics of a country’s business environment. The remaining questions assess the survey respondents’ opinions on what are the obstacles to firm growth and performance. The mode of data collection is face-to-face interviews.

Geographic coverage
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National

Analysis unit
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The primary sampling unit of the study is the establishment. An establishment is a physical location where business is carried out and where industrial operations take place or services are provided. A firm may be composed of one or more establishments. For example, a brewery may have several bottling plants and several establishments for distribution. For the purposes of this survey an establishment must make its own financial decisions and have its own financial statements separate from those of the firm. An establishment must also have its own management and control over its payroll.

Universe
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The manufacturing and services sectors are the primary business sectors of interest. This corresponds to firms classified with International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) codes 15-37, 45, 50-52, 55, 60-64, and 72 (ISIC Rev.3.1). Formal (registered) companies with 5 or more employees are targeted for interview. Services firms include construction, retail, wholesale, hotels, restaurants, transport, storage, communications, and IT. Firms with 100% government/state ownership are not eligible to participate in an Enterprise Survey.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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The sample for Estonia was selected using stratified random sampling. Three levels of stratification were used in this country: industry, establishment size, and oblast (region).

Industry stratification was designed in the way that follows: the universe was stratified into manufacturing industries, services industries, and one residual (core) sector. Each industry had a target of around 90 interviews. For the core industries sample sizes were inflated by about 17% to account for potential non-response cases when requesting sensitive financial data, under sampling of the service industries (13%), and also because of likely attrition in future surveys that would affect the construction of a panel.

Size stratification was defined following the standardized definition for the rollout: small (5 to 19 employees), medium (20 to 99 employees), and large (more than 99 employees). For stratification purposes, the number of employees was defined on the basis of reported permanent full-time workers. This seems to be an appropriate definition of the labor force since seasonal/casual/part-time employment is not a common practice, except in the sectors of construction and agriculture.

Regional stratification was defined in 5 regions. These regions are Põhja-Eesti, Lääne-Eesti, Kesk-Eesti, Kirde-Eesti, and Lõuna-Eesti.

The source of the sample frame was the 2007 version of the Estonian Business Register produced by the Ministry of Justice. The quality of the frame was assessed at the onset of the project. The frame proved to be useful though it showed positive rates of non-eligibility, repetition, non-existent units, etc. These problems are typical of establishment surveys, but given the impact these inaccuracies may have on the results, adjustments were needed when computing the appropriate weights for individual observations. The percentage of confirmed non-eligible units as a proportion of the total number of contacts to complete the survey was 18.8% (134 out of 712 establishments).

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The current survey instruments are available:
- Core Questionnaire + Manufacturing Module [ISIC Rev.3.1: 15-37]
- Core Questionnaire + Retail Module [ISIC Rev.3.1: 52]
- Core Questionnaire [ISIC Rev.3.1: 45, 50, 51, 55, 60-64, 72]
- Screener Questionnaire.

The “Core Questionnaire” is the heart of the Enterprise Survey and contains the survey questions asked of all firms across the world. There are also two other survey instruments - the “Core Questionnaire + Manufacturing Module” and the “Core Questionnaire + Retail Module.” The survey is fielded via three instruments in order to not ask questions that are irrelevant to specific types of firms, e.g. a question that relates to production and nonproduction workers should not be asked of a retail firm. In addition to questions that are asked across countries, all surveys are customized and contain country-specific questions. An example of customization would be including tourism-related questions that are asked in certain countries when tourism is an existing or potential sector of economic growth.

The standard Enterprise Survey topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, capacity utilization, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, and performance measures. Over 90% of the questions objectively ascertain characteristics of a country’s business environment. The remaining questions assess the survey respondents’ opinions on what are the obstacles to firm growth and performance.

Cleaning operations
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Data entry and quality controls are implemented by the contractor and data is delivered to the World Bank in batches (typically 10%, 50% and 100%). These data deliveries are checked for logical consistency, out of range values, skip patterns, and duplicate entries. Problems are flagged by the World Bank and corrected by the implementing contractor through data checks, callbacks, and revisiting establishments.

Response rate
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Complete information regarding the sampling methodology, sample frame, weights, response rates, and implementation can be found in the document "Description of Estonina Implementation 2009.pdf"

摘要
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本调查旨在从客户国企业获取关于私营部门的反馈，并协助构建企业数据面板，以便能够追踪商业环境随时间的变化，从而实现对改革影响的评估。通过访谈制造业和服务业的企业，该调查评估了私营部门增长的制约因素，并创建了跨国家可比较的、具有统计学意义的商业环境指标。
标准企业调查主题包括企业特征、性别参与、融资渠道、年度销售额、投入/劳动力成本、劳动力构成、贿赂、许可、基础设施、贸易、犯罪、竞争、产能利用率、土地和许可、税收、非正规性、商业-政府关系、创新和技术，以及绩效指标。超过90%的问题客观地确定了国家商业环境的特征。其余问题评估了调查受访者对企业增长和绩效的障碍的看法。数据收集方式为面对面访谈。
地理覆盖范围
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全国
分析单位
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本研究的主要抽样单位是机构。机构是指开展业务和进行工业运营或提供服务的地方。一家公司可能由一个或多个机构组成。例如，一家啤酒厂可能有几个灌装厂和几个分销机构。在本调查中，机构必须能够做出自己的财务决策，并拥有与其公司财务报表分开的财务报表。机构还必须拥有自己的管理和对其工资单的控制。
总体
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制造业和服务业是主要关注的企业部门。这对应于国际标准产业分类（ISIC）代码为15-37、45、50-52、55、60-64和72（ISIC Rev.3.1）的公司。针对拥有5名或更多员工的形式（注册）公司进行访谈。服务公司包括建筑、零售、批发、酒店、餐馆、运输、仓储、通信和IT。100%由政府/国家拥有所有权的企业无资格参加企业调查。
数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]
抽样程序
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爱沙尼亚的样本是通过分层随机抽样选择的。在该国使用了三个分层级别：行业、机构规模和地区（地区）。
行业分层设计如下：总体被分层为制造业、服务业和一个剩余（核心）部门。每个行业的目标是大约90次访谈。对于核心行业，样本量增加了约17%，以应对在请求敏感财务数据时可能出现的非回应情况、服务业抽样不足（13%）以及未来调查中可能出现的损失，这将影响面板的构建。
规模分层根据标准推广定义定义：小型（5至19名员工）、中型（20至99名员工）和大型（超过99名员工）。为了分层的目的，员工人数是根据报告的永久全职工人数量定义的。这似乎是劳动力的一种适当定义，因为季节性/临时/兼职就业在建筑和农业部门之外并不常见。
地区分层定义为5个地区。这些地区是北爱沙尼亚、西爱沙尼亚、中爱沙尼亚、东爱沙尼亚和南爱沙尼亚。
样本框的来源是司法部生产的2007年版爱沙尼亚商业登记。在项目开始时评估了框的质量。尽管该框显示出非合格率的正面趋势、重复、不存在单位等问题，但它被证明是有用的。这些问题是机构调查的典型问题，但鉴于这些不准确可能对结果产生的影响，在计算单个观察值的适当权重时需要进行调整。作为完成调查的接触总数的一部分，已确认的非合格单位百分比是18.8%（134个单位中的712个）。
数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]
研究工具
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当前的调查工具包括以下内容：
- 核心问卷 + 制造业模块 [ISIC Rev.3.1: 15-37]
- 核心问卷 + 零售模块 [ISIC Rev.3.1: 52]
- 核心问卷 [ISIC Rev.3.1: 45, 50, 51, 55, 60-64, 72]
- 筛选问卷。
“核心问卷”是企业调查的核心，包含向全球所有企业提出的问题。还有两个其他调查工具——“核心问卷 + 制造业模块”和“核心问卷 + 零售模块”。调查通过三种工具进行实施，以避免向特定类型的企业提出无关的问题，例如，与生产和非生产工人相关的问题不应向零售公司提出。除了跨国家提出的问题外，所有调查都是定制的，并包含国家特定的问题。定制的例子包括在旅游业是现有或潜在经济增长部门的国家中询问与旅游业相关的问题。
标准企业调查主题包括企业特征、性别参与、融资渠道、年度销售额、投入/劳动力成本、劳动力构成、贿赂、许可、基础设施、贸易、犯罪、竞争、产能利用率、土地和许可、税收、非正规性、商业-政府关系、创新和技术，以及绩效指标。超过90%的问题客观地确定了国家商业环境的特征。其余问题评估了调查受访者对企业增长和绩效的障碍的看法。
数据清洗操作
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承包商实施数据录入和质量控制，并将数据分批（通常是10%、50%和100%）交付给世界银行。这些数据交付被检查逻辑一致性、超出范围值、跳过模式、重复条目等问题。问题由世界银行标记并由实施承包商通过数据检查、回电和重访机构进行纠正。
响应率
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有关抽样方法、样本框、权重、响应率和实施的完整信息可在文档“爱沙尼亚实施描述2009.pdf”中找到。