DataSheet1_Nanocellulose Composites as Smart Devices With Chassis, Light-Directed DNA Storage, Engineered Electronic Properties, and Chip Integration.docx

The rapid development of green and sustainable materials opens up new possibilities in the field of applied research. Such materials include nanocellulose composites that can integrate many components into composites and provide a good chassis for smart devices. In our study, we evaluate four approaches for turning a nanocellulose composite into an information storage or processing device: 1) nanocellulose can be a suitable carrier material and protect information stored in DNA. 2) Nucleotide-processing enzymes (polymerase and exonuclease) can be controlled by light after fusing them with light-gating domains; nucleotide substrate specificity can be changed by mutation or pH change (read-in and read-out of the information). 3) Semiconductors and electronic capabilities can be achieved: we show that nanocellulose is rendered electronic by iodine treatment replacing silicon including microstructures. Nanocellulose semiconductor properties are measured, and the resulting potential including single-electron transistors (SET) and their properties are modeled. Electric current can also be transported by DNA through G-quadruplex DNA molecules; these as well as classical silicon semiconductors can easily be integrated into the nanocellulose composite. 4) To elaborate upon miniaturization and integration for a smart nanocellulose chip device, we demonstrate pH-sensitive dyes in nanocellulose, nanopore creation, and kinase micropatterning on bacterial membranes as well as digital PCR micro-wells. Future application potential includes nano-3D printing and fast molecular processors (e.g., SETs) integrated with DNA storage and conventional electronics. This would also lead to environment-friendly nanocellulose chips for information processing as well as smart nanocellulose composites for biomedical applications and nano-factories.

绿色与可持续材料的迅猛发展，为应用研究领域带来了新的机遇。此类材料包括纳米纤维素复合材料，能够将众多成分融入复合材料中，并为智能设备提供优良的底盘。在本次研究中，我们评估了将纳米纤维素复合材料转化为信息存储或处理设备的前四种方法：1）纳米纤维素可作为适宜的载体材料，保护存储在DNA中的信息。2）核苷酸处理酶（聚合酶和核酸外切酶）在融合光门控区域后，可受光控制；通过突变或pH变化（信息的读取和输出）可改变核苷酸底物的特异性。3）半导体和电子能力可得以实现：我们展示，通过碘处理替代硅及微结构，纳米纤维素得以电子化。纳米纤维素半导体性能得到测量，并对其所形成的潜在性能，包括单电子晶体管（SET）及其特性进行建模。DNA通过G-四链DNA分子也可以传输电流；这些以及经典的硅半导体可轻易集成至纳米纤维素复合材料中。4）为阐述微型化和集成以制造智能纳米纤维素芯片设备，我们展示了纳米纤维素中的pH敏感染料、纳米孔的创造、细菌膜上的激酶微图案化以及数字PCR微孔。未来的应用潜力包括纳米3D打印和快速分子处理器（例如SETs）与DNA存储及传统电子设备的集成。这还将导致环保型纳米纤维素芯片在信息处理领域的应用，以及用于生物医学应用的智能纳米纤维素复合材料和纳米工厂。