Enterprise Survey 2009 - Kyrgyz Republic

Abstract
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The objective of the survey is to obtain feedback from enterprises in client countries on the state of the private sector as well as to help in building a panel of enterprise data that will make it possible to track changes in the business environment over time, thus allowing, for example, impact assessments of reforms. Through interviews with firms in the manufacturing and services sectors, the survey assesses the constraints to private sector growth and creates statistically significant business environment indicators that are comparable across countries.

The standard Enterprise Survey topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, capacity utilization, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, and performance measures. Over 90% of the questions objectively ascertain characteristics of a country’s business environment. The remaining questions assess the survey respondents’ opinions on what are the obstacles to firm growth and performance. The mode of data collection is face-to-face interviews.

Geographic coverage
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National

Analysis unit
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The primary sampling unit of the study is the establishment. An establishment is a physical location where business is carried out and where industrial operations take place or services are provided. A firm may be composed of one or more establishments. For example, a brewery may have several bottling plants and several establishments for distribution. For the purposes of this survey an establishment must make its own financial decisions and have its own financial statements separate from those of the firm. An establishment must also have its own management and control over its payroll.

Universe
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The manufacturing and services sectors are the primary business sectors of interest. This corresponds to firms classified with International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) codes 15-37, 45, 50-52, 55, 60-64, and 72 (ISIC Rev.3.1). Formal (registered) companies with 5 or more employees are targeted for interview. Services firms include construction, retail, wholesale, hotels, restaurants, transport, storage, communications, and IT. Firms with 100% government/state ownership are not eligible to participate in an Enterprise Survey.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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The sample for the Kyrgyz Republic was selected using stratified random sampling. Three levels of stratification were used in this country: industry, establishment size, and oblast (region).

Industry stratification was designed in the way that follows: the universe was stratified into 23 manufacturing industries, 2 services industries -retail and IT-, and one residual sector. Each sector had a target of 90 interviews.

Size stratification was defined following the standardized definition for the rollout: small (5 to 19 employees), medium (20 to 99 employees), and large (more than 99 employees). For stratification purposes, the number of employees was defined on the basis of reported permanent full-time workers. This seems to be an appropriate definition of the labor force since seasonal/casual/part-time employment is not a common practice, except in the sectors of construction and agriculture.

Regional stratification was defined in five regions. These regions are Bishkek City, Chui Oblast, Issyk-Kul Oblast, Jalalabad, and Osh Oblast.

Given the stratified design, sample frames containing a complete and updated list of establishments for the selected regions were required. Great efforts were made to obtain the best source for these listings. However, the quality of the sample frames was not optimal and, therefore, some adjustments were needed to correct for the presence of ineligible units. These adjustments are reflected in the weights computation.

For most countries covered in BEEPS IV, two sample frames were used. The first was supplied by the World Bank and consisted of enterprises interviewed in BEEPS 2005. The World Bank required that attempts should be made to re-interview establishments responding to the BEEPS 2005 survey where they were within the selected geographical regions and met eligibility criteria. That sample is referred to as the Panel. The second sample frame used for the survey was a file of establishments purchased from the Statistical Office of the Kyrgyz Republic. A copy of that frame was sent to the TNS statistical team in London to select the establishments for interview.

The quality of the frame was assessed at the onset of the project. The frame proved to be useful though it showed positive rates of non-eligibility, repetition, non-existent units, etc. These problems are typical of establishment surveys, but given the impact these inaccuracies may have on the results, adjustments were needed when computing the appropriate weights for individual observations. The percentage of confirmed non-eligible units as a proportion of the total number of contacts to complete the survey was 65% (1205 out of 1865 establishments).

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The current survey instruments are available:
- Core Questionnaire + Manufacturing Module [ISIC Rev.3.1: 15-37]
- Core Questionnaire + Retail Module [ISIC Rev.3.1: 52]
- Core Questionnaire [ISIC Rev.3.1: 45, 50, 51, 55, 60-64, 72]
- Screener Questionnaire.

The “Core Questionnaire” is the heart of the Enterprise Survey and contains the survey questions asked of all firms across the world. There are also two other survey instruments- the “Core Questionnaire + Manufacturing Module” and the “Core Questionnaire + Retail Module.” The survey is fielded via three instruments in order to not ask questions that are irrelevant to specific types of firms, e.g. a question that relates to production and nonproduction workers should not be asked of a retail firm. In addition to questions that are asked across countries, all surveys are customized and contain country-specific questions. An example of customization would be including tourism-related questions that are asked in certain countries when tourism is an existing or potential sector of economic growth.

The standard Enterprise Survey topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, capacity utilization, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, and performance measures. Over 90% of the questions objectively ascertain characteristics of a country’s business environment. The remaining questions assess the survey respondents’ opinions on what are the obstacles to firm growth and performance.

Cleaning operations
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Data entry and quality controls are implemented by the contractor and data is delivered to the World Bank in batches (typically 10%, 50% and 100%). These data deliveries are checked for logical consistency, out of range values, skip patterns, and duplicate entries. Problems are flagged by the World Bank and corrected by the implementing contractor through data checks, callbacks, and revisiting establishments.

Response rate
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Complete information regarding the sampling methodology, sample frame, weights, response rates, and implementation can be found in the document "Description of Kyrgyz Republic Implementation 2009.pdf"

摘要
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本调查旨在从客户国的企业获取关于私营部门的现状反馈，并协助构建企业数据面板，以便能够追踪商业环境随时间的变化，从而实现例如改革影响评估等功能。通过访谈制造业和服务业的企业，本调查评估了私营部门增长的制约因素，并创建了具有统计学意义的、可以跨国家进行比较的商业环境指标。
标准企业调查主题包括企业特征、性别参与、融资渠道、年度销售额、投入/劳动力成本、劳动力构成、贿赂、许可、基础设施、贸易、犯罪、竞争、产能利用率、土地和许可、税收、非正式性、商业-政府关系、创新和技术以及绩效指标。超过90%的问题客观地确定了该国商业环境的特点。其余问题评估了调查受访者对企业增长和绩效障碍的看法。数据收集方式为面对面访谈。
地理覆盖范围
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全国
分析单位
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本研究的初级抽样单位为实体。实体是指开展业务和进行工业操作或提供服务的地方。一个企业可能由一个或多个实体组成。例如，一个啤酒厂可能有几个灌装厂和几个分销实体。在本调查中，实体必须能够做出自己的财务决策，并拥有与公司分开的独立财务报表。实体还必须拥有自己的管理和对其工资单的控制。
总体
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制造业和服务业是主要关注的商业部门。这对应于国际标准产业分类（ISIC）代码为15-37，45，50-52，55，60-64和72（ISIC Rev.3.1）的企业。正式（注册）公司，员工人数为5人或以上，是目标访谈对象。服务公司包括建筑、零售、批发、酒店、餐馆、运输、仓储、通信和IT。100%政府/国有企业的公司无资格参加企业调查。
数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]
抽样程序
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吉尔吉斯共和国的样本是通过分层随机抽样选取的。在该国使用了三个分层级别：行业、实体规模和州（地区）。
行业分层的设计方式如下：总体被分层为23个制造业行业、2个服务业行业——零售和IT，以及一个剩余部门。每个部门的目标是90个访谈。
规模分层根据标准推广定义定义：小型（5至19名员工）、中型（20至99名员工）和大型（超过99名员工）。为了分层目的，员工人数是根据报告的永久全职工人数量定义的。这似乎是对劳动力的一种适当的定义，因为季节性/临时/兼职就业在建筑和农业部门之外并不常见。
区域分层被定义为五个地区。这些地区是比什凯克市、楚伊州、伊希克库尔州、贾拉拉巴德和奥什州。
鉴于分层设计，需要包含所选地区中所有实体完整且更新的名单的样本框。为此付出了巨大努力以获得这些名单的最佳来源。然而，样本框的质量并不理想，因此需要进行一些调整以纠正不合格单位的存在的偏差。这些调整反映在权重计算中。
在BEEPS IV的多数国家中，使用了两个样本框。第一个是由世界银行提供的，包括在BEEPS 2005中接受访谈的企业。世界银行要求，应尝试重新访谈在BEEPS 2005调查中回应且位于所选地理区域并符合资格标准的实体。该样本被称为面板。用于调查的第二个样本框是从吉尔吉斯共和国国家统计局购买的实体文件。该文件的副本被发送到伦敦的TNS统计团队以选择访谈的实体。
样本框的质量在项目开始时进行了评估。该样本框被证明是有用的，尽管它显示出非资格、重复、不存在单位等正面的非资格率。这些问题是实体调查中的典型问题，但鉴于这些不准确可能对结果产生的影响，在计算单个观察值的适当权重时需要进行调整。作为完成调查的接触总数中不合格单位的百分比确认值为65%（1205个实体中的1865个）。
数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]
研究工具
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当前调查工具如下：
- 核心问卷 + 制造业模块 [ISIC Rev.3.1: 15-37]
- 核心问卷 + 零售模块 [ISIC Rev.3.1: 52]
- 核心问卷 [ISIC Rev.3.1: 45, 50, 51, 55, 60-64, 72]
- 筛选问卷。
“核心问卷”是企业调查的核心，包含向全球所有企业提出的问题。还有另外两种调查工具——“核心问卷 + 制造业模块”和“核心问卷 + 零售模块”。调查通过三种工具进行，以避免向特定类型的企业提出无关的问题，例如，与生产和非生产工人相关的问题不应向零售企业提出。除了跨国家提出的问题外，所有调查都是定制的，并包含特定国家的问题。定制的例子包括在旅游是现有或潜在经济增长部门的某些国家中询问与旅游相关的问题。
标准企业调查主题包括企业特征、性别参与、融资渠道、年度销售额、投入/劳动力成本、劳动力构成、贿赂、许可、基础设施、贸易、犯罪、竞争、产能利用率、土地和许可、税收、非正式性、商业-政府关系、创新和技术以及绩效指标。超过90%的问题客观地确定了该国商业环境的特点。其余问题评估了调查受访者对企业增长和绩效障碍的看法。
数据清理操作
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承包商负责数据录入和质量控制，并以批量（通常是10%、50%和100%）的形式将数据交付给世界银行。这些数据交付将被检查逻辑一致性、超出范围值、跳过模式和重复条目。问题由世界银行标记并由实施承包商通过数据检查、回访和重访实体进行纠正。
响应率
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有关抽样方法、样本框、权重、响应率和实施的完整信息可以在文档“吉尔吉斯共和国实施描述2009.pdf”中找到。