Data from: Unexpected but welcome. Artificially selected traits may increase fitness in wild boar

Artificial selection affects phenotypes differently by natural selection.
Domestic traits, which pass into the wild, are usually negatively
selected. Yet, exceptionally, this axiom may fail to apply if genes, from
the domestic animals, increase fertility in the wild. We studied a rare
case of a wild boar population under the framework of Wright's
interdemic selection model, which could explain gene flow between wild
boar and pig, both considered as demes. We analysed the MC1R gene and
microsatellite neutral loci in 62 pregnant wild boars as markers of
hybridization, and we correlated nucleotide mutations on MC1R (which are
common in domestic breeds) to litter size, as an evaluation of fitness in
wild sow. Regardless of body size and phyletic effects, wild boar sows
bearing nonsynonymous MC1R mutations produced larger litters. This
directly suggests that artificially selected traits reaching wild
populations, through interdemic gene flow, could bypass natural selection
if and only if they increase the fitness in the wild.