Ginsenoside Rg3 Reduces the Toxicity of Graphene Oxide Used for pH-Responsive Delivery of Doxorubicin to Liver and Breast Cancer Cells

RNA sequencing experiments revealed that the killing effect of the GO-Rg3-DOX nanoplatform proceeds primarily by downregulation of anti-apoptotic and angiogenesis related genes Cells were seeded onto 6-well plates at a density of 400,000 cells per well and cultured for 24 h before treatment with GO, GO-Rg3-GO-Rg3-DOX, and DOX for 6 h. Medium only was used as the negative control. Three replicates were included from each treatment. After treatment the cells were washed with PBS buffer 3 times.