CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILDREN WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS

This article analyzes the psychophysical, sensory, and cognitive developmental characteristics of children with visual impairments (blind and partially sighted). The etiological factors of visual pathologies (congenital and acquired causes, genetic diseases) and their international medical classifications are examined. The study scientifically highlights the role of special education (typhlopedagogics), sensory compensation mechanisms (tactile and auditory perceptions), and spatial orientation in preventing and correcting secondary defects caused by primary visual impairments. Furthermore, it provides a brief overview of the contributions made by global and Uzbek scholars to the development of this field.