Table 1_The efficacy and safety of danuglipron and orforglipron in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.docx

ObjectiveThis study assesses the efficacy and safety of the novel oral small molecule glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) danuglipron and orforglipron in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and obesity through systematic review and meta-analysis.
MethodsElectronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Embase) were systematically searched up to 20 May 2025 to include randomised controlled trials evaluating danuglipron/orforglipron in patients with T2DM and/or obesity. Changes in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting plasma insulin (FPI), weight and body mass index (BMI) compared with baseline post-treatment were evaluated using random-/fixed-effects models, alongside safety outcomes.
ResultsEight studies with low bias risk involving 1,454 participants were analysed. Meta-analysis results demonstrated that danuglipron significantly decreased HbA1c (mean difference [MD]: −0.90; 95% CI: −1.06, −0.74), FPG (MD: −24.66; 95% CI: −30.45, −18.86) and weight (MD: −2.17; 95% CI: −3.10, −1.23) and improved FPI (MD: 2.94; 95% CI: 1.50, 4.38). Orforglipron also showed significant positive effects on HbA1c (MD: −1.02; 95% CI: −1.18, −0.86), FPG (MD: −26.91; 95% CI: −31.05, −22.78), weight (MD: −6.28; 95% CI: −8.45, −4.11) and BMI (MD: −2.64; 95% CI: −3.38, −1.89). However, both danuglipron and orforglipron were associated with the occurrence of treatment-related adverse events and gastrointestinal adverse events (AEs).
ConclusionThe oral GLP-1 RAs danuglipron and orforglipron are capable of improving blood glucose levels and reducing weight; however, they also pose an increased risk of gastrointestinal AEs. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to gain a deeper understanding of their efficacy, safety and tolerability.