Technical overview of nuclear microsatellites for <i>Fagus</i> sp., and their utility in <i>F. sylvatica</i> from the central Balkans (Serbia)

Selectively neutral nuclear microsatellites (SSRs) are available for <i>Fagus</i> sp., and have been used in <i>F. sylvatica</i>, an ecologically and economically most important European <i>Fagus</i> species. We provide a comprehensive technical overview of available <i>Fagus</i> sp. SSRs (185 loci), carry out meta-analysis of loci used in <i>F. sylvatica</i> (62 loci employed in 62 surveys), and validate a set of 16 loci in 45 individuals of this species from the central Balkans (Serbia). Erroneous usage of marker’s names/authors is rather frequent, and loci successfully used in a number of studies are characterized by other authors by high prevalence of null alleles and even multilocus amplification products. Frequent occurrence of null alleles at FS4-46, used in 26 surveys to date, most likely indicates a failure to record multiple alleles at this locus. Twelve loci are reliable/informative in <i>F. sylvatica</i> from the Balkans (5–18 alleles/locus, H_E ranging from 0.523 to 0.850), while four loci are characterized by high prevalence of null alleles (sfc0161 and sfc1063) and multilocus amplification products (FS4-46 and Fagsyl_007038). Our findings are important for future population genetics and studies on adaptation of <i>F. sylvatica</i> to its environment, because the latter rely on both selectively neutral and adaptive markers under selection.

针对山毛榉属（*Fagus*）物种的选择性中性核微卫星（SSRs，Simple Sequence Repeats）标记已被开发完成，且该类标记已应用于欧洲山毛榉（*Fagus sylvatica*）——这是欧洲山毛榉属中生态与经济价值最高的物种。本研究对已公开的山毛榉属物种SSR标记（共计185个位点）开展了系统性技术综述；同时针对已在欧洲山毛榉研究中使用的62个位点（已被62项调查采用）进行了荟萃分析，并从中选取16个位点，在采自巴尔干半岛中部（塞尔维亚）的45份欧洲山毛榉个体样本中完成了验证。目前标记名称或作者信息的误用现象较为普遍，且部分在多项研究中成功应用的位点被其他学者报道存在高频率无效等位基因甚至多位点扩增产物的问题。截至目前已在26项调查中使用的FS4-46位点频繁出现无效等位基因，这大概率意味着该位点存在多等位基因却未被有效记录。在巴尔干半岛的欧洲山毛榉种群中，有12个位点表现出良好的可靠性与信息性（每个位点含5~18个等位基因，期望杂合度（H_E）介于0.523至0.850之间）；另有4个位点则存在高频率无效等位基因（sfc0161、sfc1063）或多位点扩增产物（FS4-46、Fagsyl_007038）的问题。本研究结果对未来欧洲山毛榉的种群遗传学研究及其环境适应性研究具有重要参考价值，因为此类研究均需同时依赖选择性中性标记与受选择的适应性标记。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集提供了山毛榉属（Fagus sp.）核微卫星标记（SSRs）的全面技术概述，特别聚焦于欧洲山毛榉（F. sylvatica）在巴尔干地区（塞尔维亚）的应用。它总结了185个可用位点，对62个已用于F. sylvatica的位点进行元分析，并验证了16个位点在45个个体中的表现，其中12个位点可靠且信息丰富，而4个位点存在高频率无效等位基因或多重扩增产物。这些发现有助于未来种群遗传学和适应性研究，并揭示了标记使用中的常见错误。