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The near-infrared laser heterodyne spectrometer is used to remotely detect the concentration information of the atmospheric molecular column to be measured. The system is based on laser heterodyne spectroscopy technology and adopts an all fiber structure to make it more compact and portable. In this paper, time division multiplexing technology is used to scan three lasers with different wavelengths, so as to realize simultaneous detection of information including CO2, CH4, H2O column concentration, and compare with the measured data of Japanese GOSAT satellite. The data set provided mainly includes the heterodyne spectral information measured by the relevant time laser heterodyne spectrometer, the concentration data of CO2, CH4, H2O columns in the paper and the comparison results with GOSAT data