Summary of succinate microbial cell factory construction.

The specific growth rate (1/h), maximum succinate titer (g/L), maximum succinate yield on biomass (g/g-biomass), and maximum yield on glucose (g/g-glucose) are reported for the reference strain, 8D, 8D evolved, and 8D evolved with pICL1. A 43-fold improvement in succinate yield on biomass was observed across the full cycle of metabolic engienering that included in silico guided approaches, directed evolution, and transcriptome based identification of a 2nd round of metabolic engineering targets.