Data accompanying Holzmaar (HZM) Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction Pipeline

Holzmaar Paleoclimate and Paleoenvironmental Dataset Dataset Overview This dataset contains high-resolution, multi-proxy paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental records from Holzmaar, a volcanic crater lake in the Volcanic Eifel region of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany (50°7′8″N, 6°52′45″E). The lake sediments preserve a continuous record spanning from 11,750 to 15,400 cal. yr BP, providing insights into late Quaternary climate variability, ecosystem dynamics, and environmental change in central Europe. Study Site Location: Holzmaar, Volcanic Eifel, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany Coordinates: 50°7′8″N, 6°52′45″E Lake Type: Maar (volcanic crater lake) Lake Dimensions: Area 6.8 ha; diameter 325 m; average depth 21 m Dataset Contents Primary Data Files 1. Elemental Geochemistry (X-ray Fluorescence) File:`HZM_xrf_raw_measurements.xlsx` Description: Raw elemental counts per second from ITRAX core scanner Covered Elements: Fe, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, P, Si, S, Cl, and others Resolution: ~1 mm Analytical Method: X-ray fluorescence (XRF) using ITRAX core scanner Use: Elemental composition tracking, redox cycling, terrigenous input 2. Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) and Pigments File: `HZM_hsi_composite.xlsx`, `HZM_hsi_xrf_calibrated_1mm.xlsx` Description: Calibrated high-resolution HSI, and then downscaled HSI combined with XRF dataset Pigments Measured: Chlorophyll derivatives, bacteriopheophytin-a Calibration: Spectrophotometer Resolution: 80 μm and 1 mm Use: Productivity indicators, phytoplankton community composition, primary production 3. Pigment Calibration Standards File: `HZM_pigment_calibration.xlsx` Description: Spectrophotometer calibration data for pigment quantification Sheet: "for_LM" contains calibration relationships Compounds: Chlorophyll a and derivatives, carotenoids 4. Redox Geochemistry & Sequential Extraction File: `HZM_sequential_extraction_fe_mn_p.xlsx` Description: Sequential extraction results for iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and phosphorus (P) Geochemical Phases: Exchangeable, bound to Fe-Mn oxides, bound to organic matter, residual Resolution: Low-resolution subset Analytes: Fe, Mn, P speciation Use: Paleoredox reconstruction, nutrient cycling, organic matter decomposition 5. Low-Resolution Integrated Dataset File:`HZM_lowres_redox_diatom_pigment.xlsx` Sheets: "Redox_Dia_PigOMug": Redox elements, diatoms, pigments (all normalized to organic matter) "Redox_Dia_PigBulk": Same data normalized to bulk sediment weight "Redox_Dia_PigOM": Pigments normalized to organic matter "Pig conversion": Molecular weights for pigment conversions Description: Compilation of redox-sensitive elements, diatom assemblages, and pigment concentrations at reduced resolution Normalization: Organic matter (OM) content or bulk sediment mass 6. Depth Scale File: `HZM_xrf_depth_scale.csv` Description: XRF depth-to-age calibration scale Resolution: 1 mm intervals Use: Depth normalization for all high-resolution data 7. Pollen Records File:`holzmaar_pollen_records.csv` Description: Holzmaar pollen stratigraphy Age Range: 0-15,030 BP (measured data) Taxa: Woody and herbaceous pollen, spores Resolution: Variable, approximately 30-year intervals Modelled Extension: `HolzPol_predicted_13258-10995.csv` (statistically modelled pollen using Meerfelder Maar calibration) 8. Pigment Production Rates File: `HZM_pigment_production.xlsx` Description: Calculated pigment production rates with classification Classifications: Pioneers, secondary colonisers, diatoms + bacteria Note: Based on 50% threshold analysis 9. Diatom Assemblages File: `HZM_diatom_assemblages.xlsx` Sheets: Sheet 1: Diatom counts "diatoms_name": Taxon nomenclature "PolZ": Pollen zone designations Description: Diatom species abundance and classification Resolution: Low-resolution Use: Lake productivity, pH, temperature reconstruction External Reference Datasets External Paleoclimate Proxies: `gdgt_temperature_proxy.csv`: GDGT-derived temperature estimates (Ragberg-Zander calibration) from Auel-ELSA core, Northern Germany `gerzensee_temperature.csv`: Diatom-inferred July temperatures from Lake Gerzensee, Switzerland `egelsee_temperature.csv`: Diatom-inferred temperatures from Lake Egelsee, German Alps `ngrip_oxygen_isotopes.csv`: NGRIP (North Greenland Ice Core Project) δ18O isotope record `insolation_data.csv`: Orbital insolation calculations (July and January solar insolation at 50°N) Reference Pollen Datasets `meerfelderMaar_betula_pollen.csv`: Meerfelder Maar Betula (birch) pollen reference sequence (used for calibration) `meerfelderMaar_pinus_pollen.csv`: Meerfelder Maar Pinus (pine) pollen reference sequence `meerfelderMaar_herbs_pollen.csv`: Meerfelder Maar herbaceous pollen reference sequence `Pollen_Litt_Usinger_stacked.xlsx`: European literature pollen compilation (Usinger reference) `meerfelderMaar_pollen_master.xlsx`: Complete Meerfelder Maar pollen dataset with age-depth model