Reassociation with a specialist insect reshapes an invader leaf fungal community

we use a series of invasive populations of the plant Ambrosia artemisiifolia that vary in reassociation timespan with their native specialist herbivore, the beetle Ophraella communa, to test whether renewed selection imposed by the herbivore is accompanied by evolutionary shifts in leaf chemistry and correlated changes in phyllosphere microbial communities. In common garden experiments we found directional changes in phyllosphere fungal communities with increasing duration of reassociation.