Anatomical and hydraulic traits of coffee plants grown under shade or full sunlight conditions.

n = 6±SE. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences (P<0.05) between shade and full sun treatments.
Abbreviations: PP:SP, palisade-to-spongy parenchyma ratio; SPIgcl, stomatal pore index based on guard cell length; gwmax, maximal theoretical stomatal conductance to water vapour; Kt, midrib conductance; KL, leaf hydraulic conductance; Dv-e, vertical distance from the vein to the stomatal epidermis.