Enzymes modulation by dried grape pomace from the manufacture of wines and juices

The processing of grapes for the manufacture of juices and wines, generates large quantities of by-products rich in metabolites with antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and cicatrizing activities. The high homology between human enzymes and snake venoms makes the latter valuable laboratory tools for the study of pathophysiological processes. Proteases and phospholipases A2 act in processes related to hemostasis and inflammatory response. Thus, in this work, dried pomace obtained from grape (Isabel, Niagara, Bordô, BRS Violeta and Blend cultivars) processing were evaluated on phospholipase, proteolytic, hemolytic and thrombolytic activities induced by snakes venoms and the content of phenolic compounds and minerals was evaluated. The dried pomace exerted inhibitory and potentiating actions in all analyzed activities. The enzymatic modulators present in the evaluated dried pomace have potential for therapeutic use, although their broad characterization is still necessary, in order to define adequate amounts and formulations to obtain efficacy and safety in their use.用于果汁与葡萄酒生产的葡萄加工工序，会产生大量富含代谢物的副产物，这类代谢物具备抗氧化（antioxidant）、抗菌（antimicrobial）、抗炎（anti-inflammatory）及瘢痕修复（cicatrizing）活性。人类酶与蛇毒（snake venoms）之间存在高度同源性，这使得蛇毒成为研究病理生理过程的珍贵实验室工具。蛋白酶（Proteases）与磷脂酶A2（phospholipases A2）可参与与止血（hemostasis）及炎症反应相关的生理过程。据此，本研究针对葡萄（伊莎贝尔、尼亚加拉、博尔多、BRS Violeta及混合品种）加工得到的干燥果渣展开评估：一方面检测其对蛇毒诱导的磷脂酶、蛋白水解、溶血（hemolytic）及溶栓（thrombolytic）活性的调控作用，另一方面测定其中酚类化合物与矿物质的含量。结果显示，该干燥果渣对所有检测的活性均表现出抑制与增强双重效应。本研究涉及的干燥果渣中所含的酶调节剂具备治疗应用潜力，但目前仍需对其开展全面表征，以确定合适的使用剂量与制剂配方，从而保障其应用时的有效性与安全性。