"Table 32" of "Properties of jet fragmentation using charged particles measured with the ATLAS detector in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV"

CERN-LHC. This paper presents a measurement of quantities related to the formation of jets from high energy quarks and gluons (fragmentation). Jets with $100$ GeV $ 500$ MeV~and $|\eta| < 2.5$~are used to probe the detailed structure of the jet. The fragmentation properties of the more forward and the more central of the leading two jets from each event are studied. The data are unfolded to correct for detector resolution and acceptance effects. Comparisons to parton shower Monte Carlo generators indicate that existing models provide a reasonable description of the data across a wide range of phase space, but there are also significant differences. Furthermore, the data are interpreted in the context of quark- and gluon-initiated jets by exploiting the rapidity dependence of the jet flavor fraction. A first measurement of the charged-particle multiplicity using model-independent jet labels (topic modeling) provides a promising alternative to traditional quark- and gluon- extractions using simulation input. The simulations provide a reasonable description of the quark-like data across the jet $p_\text{T}$ range presented in this measurement, but the gluon-like data have systematically fewer charged particles than the simulations. Uncertainties are broken down by category and should be treated as fully correlated between bins and between observables except for statistical uncertainties.CERN-LHC实验：本研究针对高能夸克与胶子形成喷注（jet）的碎裂（fragmentation）过程相关物理量展开测量。选取横向动量$p_ ext{T}$介于100 GeV至500 GeV之间、快度绝对值$|eta| < 2.5$的喷注，用以探究喷注的精细结构。针对每个对撞事件中前两领头喷注的更朝前与更中心两类喷注的碎裂特性开展研究。对实验数据进行去折叠处理，以修正探测器分辨与接收度效应带来的影响。通过与部分子簇射（parton shower）蒙特卡洛（Monte Carlo）发生器的对比可知，现有模型可在较宽的相空间范围内较好地描述实验数据，但二者仍存在显著差异。此外，本研究利用喷注味道份额的快度依赖性，将实验数据按夸克初始喷注与胶子初始喷注进行分类阐释。本研究首次采用与模型无关的喷注标签方法（主题建模，topic modeling）测量带电粒子多重数，为替代传统依赖模拟输入的夸克与胶子喷注区分方法提供了极具前景的新思路。蒙特卡洛模拟可在本测量涉及的喷注横向动量区间内较好地描述类夸克喷注数据，但类胶子喷注的带电粒子多重数系统性低于模拟结果。系统不确定性按类别拆分，除统计不确定性外，各分箱与各可观测量之间的不确定性均视为完全相关。