Promotion and Prevention Self-Regulation Scale (PPSS)

The paper presents a Promotion and Prevention Self-Regulation Scale (PPSS), the newly developed questionnaire designed to measure promotion and prevention regulatory focus. It includes an additional differentiation (within both promotion and prevention) between standards (ideal vs. ought) and self-control (intuitive/risky vs. analytical/cautious). The proposed PPSS is based on Higgins theory, on the results of studies referring to self-regulatory modes as well as emotionality of people differing in dispositional regulatory focus. Almost 1000 individuals between the ages of 15 and 93 participated in the validation studies. Satisfying reliability coefficients were obtained in two independent studies. Despite some limitations of the confirmatory factor analyses results (albeit with an acceptable RMSEA value) we suggest to keep the postulated factor structure of the PPSS, which turned out to remain stable between two independent samples. The PPSS demonstrates a good criterion validity and construct validity. peerReviewed publishedVersion