Data from: Genome data from a 16th century pig illuminate modern breed relationships

Ancient DNA (aDNA) provides direct evidence of historical events that have
modeled the genome of modern individuals. In livestock, resolving the
differences between the effects of initial domestication and of subsequent
modern breeding is not straight forward without aDNA data. Here, we have
obtained shotgun genome sequence data from a sixteenth century pig from
Northeastern Spain (Montsoriu castle), the ancient pig was obtained from
an extremely well-preserved and diverse assemblage. In addition, we
provide the sequence of three new modern genomes from an Iberian pig,
Spanish wild boar and a Guatemalan Creole pig. Comparison with both
mitochondrial and autosomal genome data shows that the ancient pig is
closely related to extant Iberian pigs and to European wild boar. Although
the ancient sample was clearly domestic, admixture with wild boar also
occurred, according to the D-statistics. The close relationship between
Iberian, European wild boar and the ancient pig confirms that Asian
introgression in modern Iberian pigs has not existed or has been
negligible. In contrast, the Guatemalan Creole pig clusters apart from the
Iberian pig genome, likely due to introgression from international breeds.