Data from: Repeated evolution of photoperiodic plasticity by different genetic architectures during recurrent colonizations in a butterfly

In cases of recurrent colonization of similar habitats from the same base
population, it is commonly expected that repeated phenotypic adaptation is
caused by parallel changes in genetic variation. However, it is becoming
increasingly clear that similar phenotypic variation may also evolve by
alternative genetic pathways. Here we explore the repeated evolution of
photoperiodic plasticity for diapause induction across Swedish populations
of the Speckled wood butterfly Pararge aegeria. This species has colonized
Scandinavia at least twice and population genomic results show that one of
the candidate regions associated with spatial variation in photoperiodism
is situated on the Z-chromosome. Here we assay hybrid crosses between
several populations that differ in photoperiodic plasticity for sex-linked
inheritance of the photoperiodic reaction norm. We find that while a cross
between more distantly related populations from the two different
colonization events shows strong sex-dependent inheritance of
photoperiodic plasticity, a cross between two more closely related
populations within the oldest colonization range shows no such effect. We
conclude that the genotype-phenotype map for photoperiodic plasticity
varies across these populations and that similar local phenotypic
adaptation has evolved during recurrent colonization events by partly
non-parallel genetic changes.