ROLE OF LOCAL AND SYSTEMIC IMMUNITY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF RESPIRATORY ALLERGOSES IN CHILDREN AND OPTIMIZATION TREATMENT

The review reflects the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of some diseases belonging to the group of respiratory allergoses on the basis of data from relevant sources and our own research. The main attention is paid to the reflection of the processes of allergic inflammation and its mediators of intercellular interaction-cytokines. Cytokines are secreted glycosylated polypeptides that regulate and determine the nature of immune responses in children. An important role in the pathogenesis of respiratory allergoses in children has an imbalance in the level of cytokines, which are involved in the processes of allergic inflammation. The revealed violations in indicators of activity of phagocytosis, lysozyme, immunoglobulins, and also subpopulations of lymphocytes testify to presence of pathological reactions in processes of nonspecific protection of an organism, decrease in local and system immunity that also defines severity of a course and causes introduction of additional methods of correction of this pathology at children.Violations in indicators of cytokine profile cause introduction of additional methods of correction of this pathology in children and inclusion in complex treatment of methods of immunocorrection and an assessment of efficiency of the carried-out treatment at respiratory allergoses in children.Immunomodulatory effects of the drugs appear to increase the number of T-lymphocytes; in the restoration of the bactericidal activity of leucocytes; the effect on humoral factors (activation of compliment, the increase in the number of total and activated B-lymphocytes); the impact on phagocytosis.It should be noted that, despite the huge attention of doctors to the problem of respiratory allergoses in children, this group of diseases still remains one of the most common allergic diseases in childhood. To develop methods of adequate therapy, it is necessary to continue a detailed study of pathogenesis, including the study of the cytokine system. Understanding the pathogenetic basis allows us to expand the range of modern therapies.In the structure of respiratory diseases in children of different age groups, bronchopulmonary pathology accounts for 30–40% .