Spatial mid-domain effect overrides climate, soil properties and microbes on a cosmopolitan non-native plant across elevation

Climate warming and anthropogenic activities have led to an increase in the prevalence of non-native plants in mountainous regions that previously exhibited limited occurrences. This phenomenon has resulted in detrimental effects on endemic plants and ecosystem functions. However, the variation in traits of non-native plants that successfully spread to high elevations, as well as the underlying drivers of these changes, remains poorly understood. In this study, we use Erigeron annuus, a cosmopolitan non-native plant that has invaded high elevations, as our model to explore its individual biomass pattern along a 1900 m elevation gradient. We also contrast this pattern with that of the native Artemisia lavandulifolia, which has the same distribution range as E. annuus. We found that the biomass of E. annuus displayed a hump-shape pattern along elevation, while the biomass of the native A. lavandulifolia gradually decreased with increasing elevation. By evaluating the effects of climate va..., , # Spatial mid-domain effect overrides climate, soil properties and microbes on a cosmopolitan non-native plant across elevation

Dataset DOI: [10.5061/dryad.80gb5mm1d](10.5061/dryad.80gb5mm1d)

## Description of the data and file structure

Biomass of *E. annuus* showed a hump-shaped pattern with elevation, while *A. lavandulifolia* biomass declined. *E. annuus* was mainly influenced by spatial mid-domain effects, whereas *A. lavandulifolia* biomass was shaped by climate and rhizosphere microbes.

Metadata:

plant biomass, climate variables and soil properties for a cosmopolitan non-native plant across elevation analysis.

#### File: meta-data.xlsx

**Description:** raw data for a cosmopolitan non-native plant across elevation study.

##### Variables

* Elevation: the elevation (m) of each sampling plot.
* Plant: the name of host plant. EA = Erigeron annuus; AL = Artemisia lavandulifolia.
* Biomass: above-ground biomass of plant in each sampling plot (g).
* MAT: mean annual temperature ...,