Expanded Exome sequencing data of 24 individuals from São Tomé e Príncipe e 28 Bantu-speakers from Angola.

The forced migration of millions of Africans during the Atlantic Slave Trade led to the 21emergence of new genetic and linguistic identities, thereby providing a unique opportunity to study 22the mechanisms giving rise to human biological and cultural variation. Here we focus on the 23archipelago of São Tomé and Príncipe in the Gulf of Guinea which hosted one of the earliest 24plantation societies relying exclusively on slave labor. We analyze the genetic variation in 25 25individuals from three communities who speak distinct creole languages (Forros, Principenses and 26Angolares), using genomic data from expanded exomes in combination with a contextual dataset 27from Europe and Africa, including newly generated data from 28 Bantu-speakers from Angola. Our 28findings show that while all islanders display mixed contributions from the Gulf of Guinea and 29Angola, the Angolares are characterised by extreme genetic differentiation and inbreeding, 30consistent with an admixed maroon isolate. In line with a more prominent Bantu contribution to 31their creole language, we additionally found that a previously reported high frequency Y- 32chromosome haplotype in the Angolares has a likely Angolan origin, suggesting that their genetic, 33linguistic and social characteristics were influenced by a small group of dominant men who 34achieved disproportionate reproductive success.