Separating sampling bias from abundance shows that different methods catch different wild bees

Ecological community sampling methods have taxonomic biases, producing samples where relative abundances of taxa may differ from the underlying sampled community. Evaluating sampling methods’ relative biases is therefore necessary for accurately interpreting community data. Wild bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) have been the focus of intensive community sampling and many studies have compared the properties of samples collected by different methods. However, comparative studies have often conflated differences in sampling bias with differences in effort and absolute abundance between methods, potentially obscuring methods’ true biases.
Here, we compare wild bee communities in the northeastern United States as sampled by pan traps, vane traps, and hand netting. Using a dataset of simultaneous sampling by different methods, we compare sample richness and composition between pairs of methods while accounting for differences in the overall number of bees sampled by each.
For a given number of in..., , # Separating sampling bias from abundance shows that different methods catch different wild bees

Dataset DOI: [10.5061/dryad.r2280gbr8](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.r2280gbr8)

## Description of the data and file structure

### Files and variables

#### File: methods--final_EE_010926.R

**Description:** See Code/software below.

#### File: raupcrick_Chase.R

**Description:** See Code/software below.

#### File: IT_species.csv

**Description:**  Species-level average intertegular distances (ITD) from a selection of specimens in the Winfree Lab collection. Intertegular (IT) distance is measured as the distance across the thorax of a bee specimen, between the bases of the wings (tegulae).

##### Variables

* genus: genus-level identification of bees that measurements pertain to
* species: species-level identification of bees that measurements pertain to
* femaleIT: average intertegular distance (measured in millimeters) of female specimens measured for a given species
* maleIT: average...,