Dataset of archaeobotanical wood charcoal records from northwest China

To explore the prehistoric human-environmental interactions along the ancient Silk Road, we provide a synthesis of archaeobotanical wood charcoal records from northwest China. The dataset includes the taxa and total number of wood charcoal fragments, and absolute count of each species identified from 39 archaeological site. The general information of these archaeological sites, including latitude, longitude, region, cultural context, and AMS14C dating results is also added into this dataset.