Processed data for event-scale sheet erosion monitoring using time-lapse camera Structure-from-Motion and a colored surface-soil tracer

This dataset supports a study on sheet erosion monitoring using time-lapse camera Structure-from-Motion (SfM) and a colored surface-soil tracer. The study hypothesized that temporal changes in tracer brightness derived from orthomosaic images could be used as a relative indicator of sheet erosion dynamics at the rainfall-event scale, including under nighttime conditions. The dataset includes the processed data used for the figures in the manuscript, including rainfall time series, rainfall-event data, sheet erosion index (E) values, environmental variables, topographic variables, and shapefiles representing the analysis points and plot layout. These data were obtained from fixed time-lapse camera observations, UAV survey, meteorological measurements, soil sampling, and erosion-pin observations at an artificial landslide slope in northern Japan. The data indicate that E was strongly related to rainfall duration and total rainfall, whereas its relationships with rainfall intensity and microtopographic variables were weak at this site. The data also indicate that nighttime observations were more stable than daytime observations with respect to environmental effects on tracer brightness. These files are provided to document how the published figures were generated and to support verification, reanalysis, and comparison with other studies. A README file is included to explain variables, units, coordinate information, and file structure.