Arisaema species from Shikoku Island, Japan

Arisaema species in Japan exhibit extensive morphological variation that
has complicated their taxonomy, particularly the debated distinction
between Arisaema japonicum and A. serratum. To assess whether A. japonicum
represents a distinct lineage or falls within the natural variation of A.
serratum, we generated a genomic dataset using genotyping-by-sequencing
(GBS). Fresh leaf tissue was collected from 13 individuals representing
four morphotypes (n = 7 A. serratum; n = 6 A. japonicum) across five sites
on Shikoku Island, Japan, spanning elevational and ecological gradients.
Libraries were prepared with ApeKI digestion and sequenced on an Illumina
NovaSeq 6000 platform. Reads were quality-filtered, aligned to the draft
genome of A. tosaense, and processed to call genome-wide SNPs. Subsequent
analyses revealed no reciprocal monophyly between A. japonicum and A.
serratum, with individuals instead clustering by geography. This
dataset therefore, provides a robust genomic resource for testing species
boundaries in the A. serratum complex and offers a foundation for future
studies of hybridization, phylogeography, and morphological variation in
Arisaema