Involvement of IQGAP1, an Effector of Rac1 and Cdc42 GTPases, in Cell-Cell Dissociation during Cell Scattering

We have previously proposed that IQGAP1, an effector of Rac1 and Cdc42, negatively regulates cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion by interacting with β-catenin and by causing the dissociation of α-catenin from cadherin–β-catenin–α-catenin complexes and that activated Rac1 and Cdc42 positively regulate cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion by inhibiting the interaction of IQGAP1 with β-catenin. However, it remains to be clarified in which physiological processes the Rac1-Cdc42-IQGAP1 system is involved. We here examined whether the Rac1-IQGAP1 system is involved in the cell-cell dissociation of Madin-Darby canine kidney II cells during 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)- or hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced cell scattering. By using enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-tagged α-catenin, we found that EGFP–α-catenin decreased prior to cell-cell dissociation during cell scattering. We also found that the Rac1-GTP level decreased after stimulation with TPA and that the Rac1-IQGAP1 complexes decreased, while the IQGAP1–β-catenin complexes increased during action of TPA. Constitutively active Rac1 and IQGAP1 carboxyl terminus, a putative dominant-negative mutant of IQGAP1, inhibited the disappearance of α-catenin from sites of cell-cell contact induced by TPA. Taken together, these results indicate that α-catenin is delocalized from cell-cell contact sites prior to cell-cell dissociation induced by TPA or HGF and suggest that the Rac1-IQGAP1 system is involved in cell-cell dissociation through α-catenin relocalization.