Date from: Hydrodynamic Analysis of Self-Propelled Two-Dimensional Bionic Fish in Carangiform Swimming Mode

This study primarily focuses on elucidating the mechanisms underlying fish self-propelled swimming and the relationships among tail-beat frequency, incoming flow velocity, and swimming performance, while also examining the hydrodynamic variations in both juxtaposed and tandem fish pair configurations. The study demonstrated that passive hydrodynamics did not contribute to speed gain in side-by-side swimming fish. As the inter-fish spacing decreased, the negative effects became more pronounced, although phase variations enhanced propulsion. In contrast, tandem swimming fish benefited from hydrodynamic interactions, with the upstream fish experiencing greater advantages than the downstream fish; however, the influence of wake vortices occasionally disrupted these benefits. However, due to intermittent interference from the wake vortex, these hydrodynamic benefits are not consistently sustained.