Comprehensive multiomics analysis of the effect of ginsenoside Rb1 on hyperlipidaemia

In this study, we analysed the effect of ginsenoside Rb1 on hyperlipidaemia. Microbiome, lipidomics and transcriptome studies were performed to analyse mouse stool, plasma and hepatic tissue. The microbiome showed the genera Romboutsia, Allobaculum, Turicibacter and Akkermansia were decreased in the hyperlipidaemia model group compared with the control group and increased in the Rb1 treatment group compared with the model group. Functional analysis showed that ether lipid metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism were significantly enriched in the Rb1 group and model group comparison. Lipidomics revealed 169 significantly differentially expressed metabolites in POS model and 58 significantly differentially expressed metabolites in NEG model between the model group and the Rb1 group. These metabolites mainly participate in glycerophospholipid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism. In the transcriptome analysis, 766 transcripts were differentially expressed between the Rb1 group and the model group. KEGG analysis demonstrated lysine degradation, inositol phosphate metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism were the main enriched pathways. Comprehensive multiomics analysis revealed glycerophospholipid metabolism was the common pathway. Our study indicated that comprehensive multiomics analysis can be used to explain the function of Rb1 in hyperlipidaemia. Ginsenoside Rb1 may protect against hyperlipidaemia by regulating the production of glycerophospholipids.