Analysis of variance of pathogen composition.

The relative pathogen composition of honey bee samples, based on all pathogen abundances, is primarily explained by the date the sample was obtained (or “day of year”) and level of Varroa mite infestation. Results from a permutational analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) indicate that the day of year (R2 = 0.61), followed by the percent mite infestation (R2 = 0.01) explained the most variation in the relative pathogen composition of all honey bee samples; factors contributing significantly to the relative pathogen composition are indicated by p-values ≤0.05 in bold.