RUC(1).mp4

Retrograde ureteral catheterization (RUC) was performed with intravenous anesthesia combined with caudal anesthesia, continuous epidural anesthesia or laryngeal mask airway. An F7.5-10.8 cystoscope (Karl Storz, Germany) was placed through the urethra to observe the bladder and the ureteral orifice; An F3 ureteral catheter (Shanghai Kangge, China) was inversely inserted into the ureter through the cystoscope until urine was evident. Sediment-like calculi, floc, or crystals ejection from the ureteral orifice was observed during surgery after dredging with RUC through a cystoscope. On dragging the catheter back and forth, most of the calculi loosen, break, and fall into the bladder, eventually relieving the ureteral obstruction.