From production to market: food habits and food safety of the quilombola community of baixo Acaraqui, Abaetetuba, Pará

Abstract This research presents the analysis of different strategies of Food and Nutritional Security (SAN) developed by the families of the Quilombola Community of baixo Acaraqui, Abaetetuba, Pará. The community is facing changes in their eating habits due the reduction of natural resources (hunting animals, fish and shrimps), decrease of the area for agricultural production and increase of the commercial value of production. Using a qualitative approach and the following procedures: participant observation, semi-structured interviews, photographic record, itemized lists and workshops on eating habits, we investigated the community and their production and food practices. We observed a higher specialization of production, decreasing the diversity of local production and of the families’ self-sufficiency; increasing in the importance of extraction of açaí as an income generator; substitution of natural products (natural juices, teas) for industrial products (coffee, soda); increase in purchasing power, stimulated both by market trades and the social benefits received (bolsa família, pension and seguro defeso). This reality has significantly influenced the production practices and eating habits of the local families, interfering with production decisions and food acquisition, making families dependent on trade and income generation in order to ensure the SAN of the quilombola families.摘要 本研究针对巴西帕拉州阿巴埃图巴市下阿卡拉基地区的奎隆博拉社区（Quilombola Community）家庭所采取的食品与营养安全（Food and Nutritional Security，SAN）策略展开分析。该社区正面临饮食习惯的变迁，成因包括自然资源缩减（狩猎野生动物、捕捞鱼类与虾类）、农业生产用地减少，以及农产品商业价值提升。本研究采用质性研究方法，通过参与式观察、半结构化访谈、摄影记录、分项清单以及饮食习惯研讨会等流程，对该社区及其生产与饮食实践开展调研。调研结果显示：生产专业化程度提升，导致本地生产多样性与家庭自给能力下降；阿萨伊果（açaí）采收作为收入来源的重要性日益凸显；天然产品（天然果汁、茶饮）正被工业产品（咖啡、苏打汽水）替代；市场交易与所获社会福利（家庭补助金、养老金与失业救济金）共同刺激了购买力提升。上述现状已显著影响当地家庭的生产实践与饮食习惯，干扰了生产决策与食品获取行为，使得奎隆博拉社区家庭需依赖市场交易与创收活动，方能保障自身的食品与营养安全。