Mansoa alliacea extract improves the growth performance and innate immune response of Arapaima gigas challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila and handling stress

ABSTRACT This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with Mansoa alliacea hydroalcoholic extracts on growth, blood and immune parameters of Arapaima gigas. Fish were fed for 30 days with diets enriched with 0, 4, 8, and 12 g kg-1 of M. alliacea hydroalcoholic extract and subjected to infection with Aeromonas hydrophila and handling stress. Fish fed with 8 g kg-1 of extract showed significant increase in final weight, specific growth rate and feed efficiency when compared to the other groups. Glucose, triglycerides, total proteins, and globulins increased significantly in fish fed with 8 g kg-1 of extract, whereas albumin decreased. The number of thrombocytes increased significantly with the dietary supplementation of 8 and 12 g kg-1 of extract. After the challenge with A. hydrophila and handling stress, fish fed with 8 g kg-1 of extract had significantly higher levels of glucose, globulins, and albumins, and fish fed with 8 and 12 g kg-1 of extract showed an increment of respiratory burst. Triglyceride levels dropped significantly in fish fed with 4, 8, and 12 g kg-1 of extract, whereas the number of neutrophils increased, and total thrombocytes, leukocytes and lymphocytes were higher in fish fed with 12 g kg-1 of extract. Dietary supplementation with M. alliacea extract at 8 g kg-1 was efficient in improving the growth and innate immunity of A. gigas, being potentially useful in fish farming to control the development of A. hydrophila infections.摘要 本研究探究了饲粮添加蒜香曼索木（Mansoa alliacea）水醇提取物对巨骨舌鱼（Arapaima gigas）生长性能、血液指标与免疫参数的影响。实验鱼被饲喂添加0、4、8、12 g·kg⁻¹该提取物的饲粮，时长30天，随后接受嗜水气单胞菌（Aeromonas hydrophila）攻毒及操作应激处理。与其余各组相比，饲喂8 g·kg⁻¹提取物组的实验鱼终末体重、特定生长率及饲料利用效率均显著提升。饲喂8 g·kg⁻¹提取物组的实验鱼血糖、甘油三酯、总蛋白及球蛋白水平显著升高，而白蛋白水平出现下降。饲粮添加8、12 g·kg⁻¹提取物可显著提升实验鱼的血小板数量。经嗜水气单胞菌攻毒与应激处理后，饲喂8 g·kg⁻¹提取物组的实验鱼血糖、球蛋白及白蛋白水平显著更高；饲喂8、12 g·kg⁻¹提取物组的实验鱼呼吸爆发活性显著增强。饲喂4、8、12 g·kg⁻¹提取物组的实验鱼甘油三酯水平显著下降，中性粒细胞数量有所升高；饲喂12 g·kg⁻¹提取物组的实验鱼总血小板、白细胞及淋巴细胞数量均显著提升。饲粮中添加8 g·kg⁻¹的蒜香曼索木水醇提取物可有效改善巨骨舌鱼的生长性能与先天免疫功能，在水产养殖中具备防控嗜水气单胞菌感染的潜在应用价值。