Synthesis, thermal behavior and energy performance of nitroguanidyl-functionalized energetic materials

Six nitroguanidyl-functionalized nitrogen-rich compounds were synthesized and characterized by EA, FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. In addition, the crystal structures of ANPTz, CABNG and FANG were further determined by X-ray single crystal diffractometer. The thermal decomposition behaviours were studied by DSC-TG-FTIR-MS coupling technique and the results showed that all the compounds had good thermal stability, among which ANPTz had the best thermal stability (Td=211.03 ℃). In addition, HCN, CO2, H2O and NO2 were released during thermal decomposition process. The self-accelerating decomposition temperature (TSADT) and thermal explosion critical temperature (Tb) were calculated to evaluate thermal safety, and the relative order was as follows: FANG (TSADT=198.68 ℃, Tb=209.97 ℃)> ANPTz (TSADT=194.12 ℃, Tb=208.63 ℃)> BANTz (TSADT=182.52 ℃, Tb=207.54 ℃)> AANG (TSADT=180.04 ℃, Tb=188.35 ℃)> CABNG (TSADT=176.80 ℃, Tb=187.32 ℃)> MABNG (TSADT=173.61 ℃, Tb=184.29 ℃). The results indicated that FANG had the acceptable sensitivity (IS=7.84 J), good detonation performance (D=8320 m·s-1, P=30.02 GPa), and the significant catalytic effect (the decomposition temperature of RDX decreased by 8.31 ℃).