Probing the Role of Water in Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation Using X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy
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Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is a spontaneous segregation of molecules into distinct liquid phases, creating functional environments that regulate biochemical reactions. LLPS involves protein-protein and protein-water interactions, with water playing a crucial but often underexplored role. Kosmotropic and chaotropic agents, such as Hofmeister series salts, can alter water structuring and protein dynamics, impacting LLPS. However, their specific effects on LLPS dynamics are unclear due to difficulties in probing water's role. X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (XPCS) offers a unique opportunity to investigate fast and complex dynamics. This proposal aims to utilize XPCS to study LLPS dynamics in protein solutions modulated by kosmotropic and chaotropic agents, to elucidate how changes in water structuring influence the phase behaviour and internal dynamics of the separated phases. This will provide crucial insights into the molecular mechanisms that drive LLPS.



