Data at NUTS2 and NUTS3 level for Poland to confirm the Environmental Kuznets Curve.

This dataset accompanies the manuscript submitted to Sustainability (Manuscript ID: sustainability-3761958). It contains data used to analyse the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) for greenhouse gas emissions in Poland, using spatial panel econometric methods at the NUTS-2 and NUTS-3 levels. The data sources include: Statistics Poland (GUS) – for regional indicators such as GDP, population, energy consumption. EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research) – for greenhouse gas emissions in CO₂-equivalent terms. Eurostat GeoJSON files – for regional boundaries of Poland at NUTS-2 and NUTS-3 level. Key transformations: Greenhouse gas emissions (CO₂eq), originally available at NUTS-2, were downscaled to NUTS-3 using a proportional allocation method based on regional population and industrial emissions intensity (from highly polluting facilities). Additional variables include population, population density, current and deflated GDP (base year 2000, deflator = 100%), and energy consumption. The dataset is provided in Excel format (Dataset_NUTS2.xlsx, Dataset_NUTS3.xlsx) and GeoJSON format for spatial layers.