Chemical and population data for Nasonia vitripennnis females collected from the Hoge Veluwe

<strong>Abstract</strong>Ecotypes, strains locally adapted to divergent ecological conditions, are often considered to be the first steps in sympatric speciation. It has been suggested that two distinguishable ecotypes hint at incipient sympatric speciation in <em>Nasonia vitripennis</em>, the prominent model organism for parasitoid wasps, with one ecotype parasitizing fly pupae in bird nests, and the other parasitizing fly pupae on carrion. In the present study, we investigated the differentiation into these two distinct ecotypes on a population genetic and on a phenotypic level in a wild <em>N. vitripennis</em> population in the Netherlands. Isofemale lines were obtained from bird nest boxes and from deer carrion, respectively, representing both microhabitats. Using a panel of 14 microsatellites, we determined the population genetic structure and tested for genetic differentiation between the foundresses obtained from both microhabitats. To test for phenotypic differentiation, we determined the cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles from wasps of both microhabitats. Both the genetic and the phenotypic datasets show no evidence for any kind of separation based on the postulated two ecotypes, but rather suggest free interbreeding with no gene flow interruption between the two distinct host patches. This challenges previous assumptions on distinguishable ecotypes in <em>N. vitripennis</em>, and invites a re-evaluation of potential ecological speciation mechanisms in parasitoid wasps.<br>This dataset contains:1) microsatellite data for 14 loci 25 N. vitripennis females collected in 2018 in the Hoge Veluwe in The Netherlands (HV2018_MicrosatelliteDataset.csv)2) Raw data of GC-MS profiles of cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) of N.vitripennis males and females from iso-female lines collected in 2018 in the Hoge Veluwe in The Netherlands (HV2018_CHC_RawData.tar) and an overview (HV2018_GCMS_Data.csv).

**摘要**
生态型是指适应不同生境条件的本地种群，通常被认为是同域物种形成的初始阶段。此前有研究提出，在寄生蜂研究的经典模式生物*丽蝇蛹集金小蜂（Nasonia vitripennis）*中，存在两种可区分的生态型，暗示其正处于同域物种形成的初期：一种生态型寄居于鸟巢中的蝇蛹，另一种则寄居于腐尸上的蝇蛹。本研究以荷兰野外的*丽蝇蛹集金小蜂（N. vitripennis）*种群为研究对象，从种群遗传学与表型层面探究其向两种不同生态型的分化情况。研究分别从鸟巢箱与鹿类腐尸这两种微生境中获取了单雌系（isofemale line）材料。采用14个微卫星（microsatellite）标记组合，解析了该种群的遗传结构，并检验了两种微生境来源的建群雌蜂之间的遗传分化。为检验表型分化情况，本研究对两种微生境来源的金小蜂的表皮碳氢化合物（cuticular hydrocarbon, CHC）谱型进行了分析。遗传与表型数据集均未发现基于两种假定生态型的种群分化证据，反而表明两种寄主微生境间存在自由交配，未出现基因流阻断现象。该结果对此前关于*丽蝇蛹集金小蜂（N. vitripennis）*存在可区分生态型的假说提出了挑战，并呼吁重新评估寄生蜂中潜在的生态物种形成机制。

本数据集包含：
1) 2018年于荷兰霍格维卢韦（Hoge Veluwe）采集的25头*丽蝇蛹集金小蜂（N. vitripennis）*雌蜂的14个基因座微卫星数据（文件：HV2018_MicrosatelliteDataset.csv）
2) 2018年于荷兰霍格维卢韦采集的、源自单雌系（isofemale line）的*丽蝇蛹集金小蜂（N. vitripennis）*雌雄蜂的表皮碳氢化合物（CHC）气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）原始谱型数据（文件：HV2018_CHC_RawData.tar），以及数据总览文件（HV2018_GCMS_Data.csv）。