De Jure Powersharing 1975-2019: Updating the Inclusion, Dispersion and Constraints Dataset

Powersharing institutions are often prescribed to enhance civil peace, democratic survival, and the equitable provision of public services, and these institutions have become more prevalent over time. Nonetheless, the past decade has seen a rise in democratic backsliding and competitive authoritarianism, raising questions about how the relationship between democracy and powersharing may be evolving. This paper introduces an update to the Inclusion, Dispersion, and Constraints (IDC) powersharing data that adds nine years of data, up through 2019. These new data also include enhanced intercoder reliability checks, a significant reduction in missing values, and the documentation and correction of some coding errors in the original data. Our new data show that, during the past decade, constraining and dispersive institutions have increasingly been adopted in non-democratic states. These data allow scholars to address urgent questions about whether previously observed relationships between powersharing and democracy and powersharing and civil peace still hold in this new era, and in what contexts powersharing institutions remain advisable.