Concentrations of 6PPD and 6PPD-Quinone in a United States reconnaissance of stormwater, surface water, and groundwater, 2018-24

From 2018 to 2024 surface waters (fresh and brackish), groundwater, and stormwater (runoff, re-use) samples were collected from sites with varying landuse (agricultural, forested, and urban) and streamflow conditions and analyzed at the Organic Geochemistry Research Laboratory in Lawrence, Kansas for the tire antioxidant 6PPD (6-p-phenylenediamine; N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N’-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine) and ozonated transformation product 6PPD-quinone (6PPD-Q, 2-((4-Methylpentan-2-yl)amino)-5-(phenylamino)cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione)). There were 78 urban sampling sites in Colorado (N=15), Connecticut (N=1), Georgia (N=1), Hawaii (N=22), Kansas (N=7), Michigan (N=1), Minnesota (N=1), North Carolina (N=1), Oklahoma (N=7), Oregon (N=7), Texas (N=5), Virginia (N=1), and Washington (N=9); four forested sites in Maryland (N=1) and Oregon (N=3); two suburban sites in Texas; one site in Oklahoma with no urban impacts; one agriculture and suburban site in Maryland; seven rural or agricultural sites in Oklahoma (N=3), Oregon (N=1), and Texas (N=3); and one site from a large inland river in Oregon. Also included with the environmental data is data for the laboratory generated 6PPD-Q solutions holding times to inform bottle material, headspace, and filter materials. The analytical method quality assurance and quality control data are also provided (blanks, continuing calibration verification standards, replicates, and spikes).